Patents of the Jožef Stefan Institute 1999-2018
Below we have prepared a list of patents developed by the researchers at the Jožef Stefan Institute in the period 2012-2016 (priority date within the period from January 1st 1999 till December 31st 2018). Patents are presented within family of patents.
A patent family is a collection of patent applications covering the same or similar technical content which are usually filed in several different countries.
You can read more about a patent family here or here.
Based on the Patents’ abstracts all Patents are classified within 4 different categories of technologies: 1) Electronics, IT and Telecommunications, 2) Nanotechnology and New Materials, 3) Biological sciences and 4) Physical sciences. In addition (based on the patents’ abstracts) for each patent we determined Category, Technology application codes and Market application codes which are EEN Technology and Market keywords.
By clicking on the title of the patent you can view detailed information about a patent. All information presented on the website was obtained from publicly available sources (e.g. Ipsum, Espacenet, UIL SIPO, etc.).
Patents are presented in English. Patents filled at the Slovenian Intellectual Property Office which are available only in Slovenian Language were translated with the Patent translate – a service provided by EPO (European patent office) and Google.
In some cases, inventors, applicants or even the titles had changed when the Extended patent application was filled. To present the accurate data we presented this data for the basic and extended patent applications.
We have also prepared a massive book Patents from the Jožef Stefan Institute 1999-2018 developed by the researchers from the Jožef Stefan Institute. The publication comprises the patents listed below and also 110 patents that (no longer) belong to the Institute. Those have been assigned to or applied for a patent by:
ABB technology Ag [CH], Abies labs d. o. o. [SI], Academisch Ziekenhuis Groningen [NL], Accelera Mobile Broad- band Inc [US], Acies bio d. o. o. [SI], Aerosol d. o. o. [SI], Aleš Švigelj [SI], Andreas Kalagasidis [SI], Andrej Kos [SI], Andrej Stergaršek [SI], Anthony D. A. Hansen [US], Arima d. o. o. [SI], Ars Pharmae d. o. o. [SI], Bojan Doljak [SI], Bojan Likar [SI], Bojana Mirković [SI], Boris Turk [SI], Borut Jerman [SI], Branislav Popović [SI], Celica d. o. o. [SI], Center of Excellence for Polymer Materials and Technologies [SI], Cinkarna Metalurško kemična industrija Celje, d. d. [SI], Connie Lauritzen [DK], CytomX Therapeutics Inc. [US], Danfoss AS [DK], Development center eNeM Novi Materiali d. o. o. [SI], Dušan Babič [SI], Elgoline d. o. o. [SI], Epcos AG [DE], ESOTECH d. d. [SI], Fotona d. d. [SI], Gorazd Kandus [SI] , Gorenje d. d. [SI], Graasten Teglværk AS [DK], Griša Močnik [SI], Harmonic Drive Systems [JP], HYB d. o. o. [SI], ID CREATIONS OY [FI], Igor Poberaj [SI], Inea d. o. o. [SI], Instrumentation Technologies d. d. [SI], Inštitut za metagenomiko in mikrobne tehnologije d. o. o. [SI], INTECH-LES, development center, d. o. o. [SI], Iskra feriti d. o. o. [SI], Iskra Mehanizmi d. d. [SI], Ivan Bednjički [SI], Izidor Sosič [SI], Jan Babič [SI], Janez Bešter [SI], Janez Stare [SI], Janez Sterle [SI], Janez Štrancar [SI], Janko Kos [SI], Jeffrey R. Blair [US], John Pedersen [DK], Jožica Kranjec [SI], Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc. [US], Kolektor group d. o. o. [SI], Kolektor group Vodenje in upravljanje družbe d. o. o. [SI], Krka, tovarna zdravil d. d., Novo mesto [SI], Lek pharmaceuticals d. d. [SI], Luka Mali [SI], Marko Fonović [US], Matthew S. Bogyo [US], Magee Scientific Co. [US], Marko Marinček [SI], Matjaž Lukač [SI], Miha Smolnikar [SI], Mihael Mohorčič [SI], Miran Mozetič [SI], Nankai University [CN], Nataša Obermajer [SI], National Institute of Biology [SI], NEC Laboratories Europe GmbH [DE], Prozymex A/S [DK], Razvojno tehnološki center za vžigne sisteme in elektroniko d. o. o. [SI], Robert Posel [SI], Rijksuniversiteit Groningen [NL], Samo Turk [SI], Simona Strnad [SI], Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute [SI], Soeren W. Dahl [DK], Stanislav Gobec [SI], Stephen H. L. Verhelst [US], Stichting Katholieke Universiteit [NL], TDK Electronics AG [DE], Tea Indest [SI], Tomaž Javornik [SI], The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University [US], The University Medical Center Groningen [NL], The University Of Leeds, Antimicrobial Research Centre, Institute Of Cellular and Molecular Biology [GB], Toni Petrovič [SI], UCS d. o. o. [SI], University of Groningen [NL], University of Ljubljana [SI], University of Warsaw [PL], Urban Sedlar [SI], Uroš Cvelbar [SI], Urša Pečar Fonović [SI], Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation [US], Zala Jevnikar [SI], Yahoo Japan Corp [JP]
Electronics, IT and telecommunications
2017
The subject of the invention is a system and method for automatic power control of one or more cooling systems. Each of the refrigeration systems contains one or more compressors, condensers and refrigeration elements. The invention enables short-term management of the consumption of cooling systems, where it is possible to increase or decrease the current electricity consumption by giving the desired reference value. The system consists of three control circuits connected in a cascade and implemented by: (i) a central power management controller, (ii) a local product temperature controller and (iii) a local air temperature controller, and a system to protect against integral escape.
The present invention refers to a cardan joint and a multi-axis positioning containing the same. The cardan joint comprising: a first yoke; and a second yoke. Wherein the first yoke and the second yoke are connected via a linkage. The cardan joint further comprising: a backlash adjusting mechanism, the backlash adjusting mechanism configured to reduce or increase an amount of backlash between the linkage and either the first yoke or the second yoke.
2014
The subject of the invention is a method and system for detecting a person driving a vehicle while using a mobile computing device. First and second movement patterns are detected by means of the mobile comput- ing device, said first movement pattern being attributable to a movement of a vehicle and said second movement pattern being attributable to a person using the mobile computing device. A relation is established be- tween said first movement pattern and said second movement pattern, and based on said relation it is determined whether said person is driving said vehicle while using said mobile computing device. Detecting said first movement pattern and/or second movement pattern may comprise a step of detecting a linear and/or gravitational acceleration by means of an acceleration sensor unit. The first and second movement patterns can be any type of movement or motion detected by the mobile computing device, such as a single isolated movement or a sequence of movements that may be characteristic of a driving scenario or a person using the mobile phone while driving.
The present invention relates to improved methods for identifying daily activities of a person. It includes a new method for identifying activities that uses the context of the current activity to determine and improve the accuracy of its recognition. The method uses sampled data on linear and gravitational acceleration. This information is provided by a motion sensor, directly or indirectly supported by the subject. The context extractor processor calculates multiple contexts from the data. The processor for context modeling is a machine learning memory that teaches the model for each value of the context. The activity of the subject is recognized by combining, t. j. pooling the results of several context models. The invention provides an application for identifying an activity that determines the activity of the subject. An application may include a notification mechanism with an alarm if a drop is detected. Among other things, it can include: a gym application, an activity-based daily application, an out-of-home help application, etc. The technical effect of the experience allows you to control the smart home and more precisely detect the fall that triggers an automatic emergency call.
The subject of the invention is an adapter device and method for acquisition and transfer of signals from a host device 11 that has no built-in external communication capability, i.e. no communication ports. In one embodiment the adapter device 10 includes an acquisition module 1 configured to acquire data signals from the host device; and a transfer module 5, which is communicably connected to the acquisition module, configured to transfer said acquired data signals to an external device 12. The adapter device may include a processor 4 and voltage level shifter 3. The adapter device may be connected in the signalling path of an LCD display in the host device so that it can sniff, interpret (if necessary) and transmit the data being sent by the host device to its LCD screen to an external device. The embodiment described is the modification of a weighing/ kitchen scale, with no in-built means of communicating externally, so that an adapter device is connected internally to its LCD screen circuitry such that the adapter device can sniff and send out measurements taken by the scale to an external device, such as a connected smart-phone. The adapter may communicate G using a wired connection or wirelessly, e.g. Bluetooth, to the external device. An wireless adapter/retro-fit kit is also described.
2013
The invention refers to a method and device that enable control of inner body temperatures according to different therapeutic protocols. The technical problem that the invention solves is the control of inner body temperatures (hidden temperatures) that are difficult or impossible to be measured. In that context, a predictive model is used to estimate (predict) the values of the controlled inner temperature variables based on a smaller number of other variables whose measurement is more feasible, i.e. temperatures on the body surface. However, simulations are usually resource and time consuming. The predictive model is constructed using advanced methods for data analytics to capture the correlation between the hidden variable and the measurable ones in data resulting from preliminary computer simulation of the system for different input simulation parameters.
The subject of the invention is a process for automatic data filtering or non-delayed measurements, where the speed data contain a repeating pattern. The proposed process allows you to instantiate metrics automatically, removing the repeated sample in the measurements automatically. The proposed procedure is used to regulate the speed of the brushless one-way BLDC motors or to control or measure the speed of the rotary machines.
The present invention relates to a device for continuous monitoring of the quality of the lubricant (2) and the particulate content thereof comprises a connecting hydraulic assembly (19) which is hydraulically connected to the reservoir via a suction connection hydraulic tube (3) with a built-in pump (21) and a return hydraulic connection pipe (2) and in the second position it prevents the flow of the lubricant (2) through it and ensures that the lubricant (2) is provided in the first position (1) and further comprises a two- ) of the suction hose (3) returns to the reservoir (1) after the return tube (4). In this unit (5) a measuring block (25) is connected which is hydraulically connected to said distributor (24) and comprises a sensor (26) for identifying the presence of metal particles in the lubricant (2), a coarse oil filter (27), a fine oil a filter (28), a water oil detection sensor (29), and a sensor (30) for monitoring a dielectric oil constant that is hydraulically connected to said distributor (24). The apparatus further comprises a data acquisition unit (7) for connecting each of said sensors (26, 29, 30), said unit (7) being in addition to a measurement control unit (33) with an integrated analog-to-digital converter (34) ) for connecting the unit (7) to said sensors (26, 29, 30) includes a memory unit (36) and a unit (37) for establishing a wireless Internet connection, optionally also a power conversion unit (31), wherein said unit (37) for establishing a wireless internet connection, with the possibility of signaling or signaling, information, but wirelessly, is connected to the data analysis unit (9) and via the latter to the display (17).
2012
An object of the invention is a process and a device for automatically displaying already introduced context contexts for the word execution and displaying a text context window that allows the user to improve the ef-ficiency of writing texts. Contextual window shows the context words, that is to say the word occurrence, surrounded by a selected number of adjacent words. While typing or viewing a text, we open a text context window and in it automatically and in real time we display the context of just typed or tagged words. A new word, which is defined by a space and selected; the number of letters is displayed with its context in the text context window as it was entered or also in its grammar formats. Short words can be excluded from the contextual processing by selecting a smaller number of letters in the word. A process that can be embedded into text input and processing systems allows the user to continuously view all the existing contexts of the words just entered, which increases the efficiency and quality of the text.
The purpose of the present invention is the system and the process for the continuous control and management of the tablet manufacturing process is to achieve greater flexibility and higher quality of tablet production, a deep understanding of the technological process and effective monitoring of the tablet manufacturing process. In the invention, this is achieved by a process, system, and device that presents the predicted impact of the current process parameters of production on the quality of the finished product in our comparative tablets in a comprehensible graphic and symbolic manner, and leads it further in the appropriate adaptation of the parameters with the aim of improving the quality of the finished product. Process control and operator control in managing the production process by adjusting critical parameters is according to the invention based on a limited maneuver and control space determined by intelligent techniques taking into account the final product quality (tablets). The management of the tablet manufacturing process is carried out with the help of a graphical user interface, which enables both the display space and the forecasting of the quality of new batches by means of the selected model, and, on the basis of critical elements, suggests in which direction (within the scope of maneuver) if we want to get a better quality final product. Monitoring and management are possible at every stage of the process for all process parameters. By testing various combinations of parameters on upcoming devices in the tablet manufacturing process, the operator searches for the safest and most meaningful combination that brings the gabo to the best tablets. Based on experimental settings and explanations of the system, it decides in each important step for setting the parameters of the next stage in the process.
The subject of the invention is a process for the intelligent control of the operation of the refrigeration system, that is to detect unusual operation and predict the failure of the cooling appliance by means of machine learning, which continuously analyzes the data flows of the environmental parameters and improves predictive accuracy through the user’s feedback. The process is characterized in that the process unit (3) implements a process for learning (12) the normal operation of the device, the result of which is the classifier (13), the event detection process (9) based on the wave transformation (8) and the procedure for the classification of detected events (15) and, in the case of a detected significant event (16), a notification of the event and an input of feedback (19) is displayed via the user interface (6).
The subject of the invention is a humanoid torso mechanism that simulates the actual movement of the human body. The torso includes a unique combination of mechanism and controlled rotary axes with actuators (4-8) arranged in a geometry that enables human-like movements. The construction provides mounting surfaces for other humanoid parts such as legs (3), arms (2) or head (1). The structure of the present invention comprises five degrees of freedom. All degrees of freedom are achieved with rotary axes and are concentrated in the lower part of the torso except the last one on the top. The lower torso portion of the assembly includes a torso basic rotation around the vertical axis, which is attached to a base such that the output shaft extends vertically upwards. The next axis is attached to the first axis arrangement structure for the torso tilting function. The next two axes are arranged for tilting the torso forward-and-back in the hip and for the buckling of the mechanical spine structure. That combination of buckling and bending mechanical struc- tures is carried out in a unique way that allows the simulation of buckling and bending the spine in a way very similar to the human body. This is a very realistic and effectively enforced movement that is very similar to human body movement. The last axis mounted on the top of the torso rotates the shoulder girdle around the vertical axes. Movement of each axis is driven by actuators which are attached in each joint of the torso structure and independently controlled by a computer.
2011
The subject of the invention is an intelligent security system and a method for detecting abnormal behavior in rooms requiring high security, based on a real-time location system, a set of additional sensors, context processing and intelligent software that automatically learns patterns of behavior of observed entities are people and important equipment, and according to the learned models recognizes unusual behavior, which informs the user of the system through various terminals. The system consists of a communication infrastructure, a processor server and a database. In the first phase, the process performs pre-processing of sensory data and semantic enrichment of them by contextual processing. In the second phase, the pre-processed data is taken over by an expert system, which constantly checks whether any of the set security rules have been violated, and several independent intelligent modules, which detect unusual behavior using artificial intelligence methods. In the last phase of the process, a meta-classification is performed, which determines which events need to be notified to the user and what priority each notification has.
2008
This invention relates to the system for speech-controlled telephone communication according to the invention enables the user by way of speech without the use of tactile communication to perform a telephone commu- nication with the system which includes a microphone (1.2), headphones (1.3), speech processor device (1.1) which performs speech recognition or remote microphone (1.7), speaker (1.6), adapted speech processing device (1.5) which apart from speech recognition also performs additional speech pre-processing and a control processor device (1.4) where the application for establishing the telephone connection and speech transfer is running. The headphones (1.3) and microphone (1.2) can be by cable or on a wireless basis linked to the speech processor device (1.1) for speech recognition which is first connected to the control processor device (1.4) which runs the application of establishing the telephone connection and speech transfer. At the same time the speaker (1.6) and the remote microphone (1.7) are by cable or by wireless link connected to the adapted speech processing device (1.5) for additional pre-processing and speech recognition, which is first connected to the control processor device (1.4) running the application for establishing the telephone connection and speech transfer.
2007
The present invention relates to a device and procedure for the transfer of a personal nutrition table and reference values for the intake of food from a computer program to a kitchen scale. The subject of the invention is a device and procedure for the transfer of a personal nutrition table and reference values for the intake of food from a computer program to a kitchen scale. The procedure is based on a computer program for the preparation of a personal nutrition table and the list of reference values, a programmable circuit for feeding the personal nutrition table, reference values and the required personal data in the kitchen scale as well as interface which enables the transfer of data from the computer into the scale and vice-versa under a communication protocol. Such a scale is aimed at all those who have to or want to exactly monitor the intake of energy or the selected nutrients like carbon hydrates, albumins, fat, water from food, potassium, phosphates, iron, sodium, calcium, pheny- lalanine, folic acid and other (diabetics, persons with kidney diseases, phenylketonurics, epileptics, sportsmen,….). The scale can serve also for an estimate and verification of the suitability of the intake of the selected nutrients, for example fibres upon obstipation or vitamins when a lack of them is suspected. The simplicity of use (on-place) and the speed of recording the intake of nutrients opens opportunities of its application in hospitals, old-age homes and rehabilitation centres for a quick estimate of the actual intake of energy and nutrients.
2006
The described procedure relates to a method for arithmetic division of positive integers by a corresponding digital circuit of a divisor, which divides the given dividend Ro with the given divisor D in such a way that by the sequence of operations it calculates the final quotient Qk and residue Rk. The procedure according to the invention results in a shorter division time for the individual values of both operators. Important innovative parts of the divisor are the settlement device which from the two inputs, the divisor D and the intermediate residue Ri generates on the output an aligned divisor Ai+1 and the corresponding intermediate quotient Pi+1, as well as two parallel totalisers, which ensure faster performance of the dividing process. The arithmetic divider with continuous settlement is made of the following sequence of operations: from the settlement Ri and D inputs it reads the outputs Ai+1 and Pi+1; subtract in parallel Ri – Ai+1 and Ri -1/2 Ai+1; if the result Ri – Ai+1 is positive, it is stored as an intermediate residue Ri+1 and Qi + Pi+1 as the intermediate quotient Qi+1, otherwise it stores the result Ri – 1/2 Ai+1 as the intermediate residue Ri+1 and Qi + 1/2 Pi+1 as the intermediate quotient Qi+1; repeat the aforementioned steps until Ri+1 becomes less than D.
2005
The subject of the submitted invention is a circuit for locking a test bus within electronic circuits, which include a test bus, designed according to the IEEE 1149.1 or IEEE 1149.4 standards. The circuit for locking a test bus is used for preventing access to electronic circuits and systems during their standard operation via the existing testing infrastructure, which include a test bus designed according to the IEEE 1149.1 or IEEE 1149.4 standards. The circuit for locking of a test bus, which consists of a circuit for decoding test commands (1), a multiplexer (2), a register for entering locks and keys (3), a key register (4), a lock register (5) and a comparator (6) is characterised by the fact that the circuit for decoding of test commands (1) decodes two new commands: UNLOCK and LOCK while generating control signals (22), (23), (24), and (25) accordingly.
2004
The subject of the submitted invention is a family of cryptographic protocols, which provide authentication and exchange of secret values, typical session keys by using KZOS message authentication codes based on simple single-directional condensing functions and providing their integrity. Subject of the invention is also a synchronization protocol belonging to the same family of protocols which is also able to use only single-directional condensing functions for KZOS and represents a support protocol in such a way that it enables an authenticated and comprehensive exchange of accidental values for the application in cases, when there is no synchronised time standard available. The result of using KZOS which are based on single-directional condensing functions are mathematically less intensive protocols, which enable effective high level of authentication and exchange of session keys also by using devices with low processing power.
2002
Procedure and Device for Radio Transmission of Data with Adjustable Bit Speed Based on N-MSK Signals
The subject of the introduced invention is the procedure and device for radio transmission of data with adjustable bit speed based on N-MSK signals. The device simply and effectively adjusts the modulation level to the current situation in the radio channel. By doing so it uses the same N-MSK detector and the same N-MSK detector for generating and detecting J-MSK signals, where J is less or equal to N.
The object of the invention is a detector assembly and device for measuring the sparking intensity of collector engines. The device can be classified into the technical field of testing dynamo-electric engines solving the problem of measuring the sparking intensity of the collector or at the brushes of collector engines. This technical problem is solved by direct measuring of the high-frequency noise signal on the brushes of the tested engine (12), which is tapped by two separating condensers (2A and 2B). An additional galvanic insulation is provided by the insulating high-frequen- cy transformer (3) which is followed by a pass-band filter (4). Following the detection by a high-frequency (video) detector (5) there is a quasi-peak detector (7), a smoothing filter (8), a signal level display (9) as well as level histogram display (10). The sparking noise signal is tapped directly at the brushes of the tested engine (1) and is dealt with as a high-frequency signal in the form of conductive jamming in the several MHz band. Typical of the invention is also that for the characterisation of sparking a quasi-peak detector (7) and level histogram display (10) are used.
2001
The subject of the submitted invention is a procedure and circuit for temperature control, which uses an existing testing infrastructure based on the IEEE 1149.4 protocol for data transmission, corresponding to the measured temperature and their comparison to reference values. This way the need for using dedicated lines for the transmission of temperature measurements is eliminated. By selecting voltage thresholds of n comparators (17) in the selected analogue border modules of n elements, which meet the IEEE 1149.4 specifications, a simple n-bit A/D con- verter is implemented. It is used for processing signals, corresponding to the measured temperature. For connecting the temperature sensor terminals (1), (2), or (5) are used.
The invention describes the extension of existing regular networks, so that they correctly link any number of adjacent d elements. Such networks are called d-networks, they feature a regular structure and an isomorphic 1-environment as well as any d grade. They are built by using several planes, including only parallel links in a two-dimensional and 3-D space and if required also toroid links. From the d-networks optimised d-networks can be selected, which best suit the given optimisation criteria. The connecting network according to the invention, which enables the transmis- sion and exchange of digital and analogue data between correctly located process modules in a two-dimensional and 3-D space is characterised by the fact that it is made up of any number of links between adjacent elements and that these links between adjacent elements have the property of not crossing each other on any individual connecting panel.
The invention deals with a procedure and circuit for measuring temperature with distributed frequency dependant structures. Subject of the introduced invention is the procedure and circuit for measuring temperature with distributed frequency dependant structures. The procedure is based on measuring the circuit impedance under direct current conditions and the circuit impedance at selected frequencies. The value of temperature in places, where the individual temperature dependant resistive elements are located is calculated based on a set of equations, which represent the circuit impedance under direct current conditions and the circuit impedance at selected frequencies. The circuit with distributed frequency dependant structures, which allows the performing of measurements based on which the temperature can be calculated in places, where the individual temperature dependant resistive elements are located, is calculated based on an set of equations, which represent the circuit impedance under direct current conditions and the circuit impedance at selected frequencies. The circuit with frequency dependant structures, which provides the performance of measurements in places, where the individual temperature resistive elements are located, is laid out in four configurations, which implement the required temperature-frequency features. The basic circuit of the sensor structure consists of at least two temperature dependant resistive elements and at least one condenser.
2000
The subject of the introduced invention is a procedure and device for detecting MAMSK signal with the help of remodulation of the MSK component by an increased amplitude. The device simply and effectively detects the MAMSK signal by phase without knowing the phase of the frequency carrier of the MAMSK signal. The described receiver requires only a 1 dB greater signal/noise ratio compared to an optimum receiver, in order to attain the equal probability of byte error when receiving the MAMSK signal.
Nanotechnology and new materials
2018
The invention relates to a method for recovery of Nd2Fe14B grains from bulk sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets and / or magnet scraps. In this method the Nd-Fe-B magnets (1) and / or magnet scraps are anodically oxidized using a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte (5), said anodic oxidation releasing the Nd2Fe14B grains (6) in said Nd-Fe-B magnets (1) and/or magnet scraps. The released Nd2Fe14B grains (6) are collected during and/or after said anodic oxidation. The proposed method allows a more environmental friendly and cost-effective way for recycling EOL Nd-Fe-B magnets/ Nd-Fe-B magnet scraps.
The present invention improves the surface modification of NiTi alloys used for instance in medical devices through treatment with hydrogen particles in a suitable gaseous discharge and with oxygen atoms. The technique according to the present invention provides the formation of biocompatible solely titanium oxide layer thus preventing nickel to be present in the top surface layer. Furthermore this enables nanostructuring of the surface which depends on the treatment conditions. Devices made from NiTi alloys treated with the method according to the present invention have improved biocompatibility; platelets do not readily attach and activate on such surfaces and the thrombus formation rate is reduced in comparison with extensively used untreated NiTi alloys.
The present invention relates to methods for depositing vertically oriented carbon nanowalls (CNWs) using non-equilibrium gases such as gaseous plasma. Methods are disclosed for rapid deposition of uniformly distributed nanowalls on large surfaces of substrates using ablation of bulk carbon materials by reactive gaseous species, formation of oxidized carbon-containing gaseous molecules, ionization of said molecules and interacting said molecules, neutral or positively charged, with a substrate. The CNWs prepared are useful in different applications such as fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, photovoltaic devices and sensors of specific gaseous molecules.
2017
This invention relates to a method of preparing a ceramic article which comprises mixing a ceramic powder and a nano-filler in water to form an aqueous suspension; drying said aqueous suspension to obtain a composite powder; forming said composite powder into a green body; and sintering said green body to form said ceramic article, wherein said nano-filler is an insoluble cellulose material. It also relates to methods of making composite powders and green bodies, as well as certain ceramic articles, powders and bodies themselves.
The present invention refers to a method for producing desired morphology of a nanotubular matrix, in particular titanium dioxide containing matrix, which reduces adhesion and activation of platelets on medical devices. Surfaces produced by the method of invention can be used for blood contacting devices, such as stents and artificial heart valves in order to reduce thrombus reactions on the implant material surface.
The invention relates to a Bi, Pr and V-free novel ZnO voltage-sensitive ceramic material and a preparation method thereof. The ZnO voltage- sensitive ceramic material is composed of zinc oxide and a modified additive, wherein the content of zinc oxide is 86.5-99.7mol%, and the content of the modified additive is 0.3-13.5mol%; the modified additive comprises 0.1-10mol% of CaCO3, 0.1-1.5mol% of Co2O3, 0.1-1mol% of Cr2O3 and 0-1mol% of La2O3. The voltage-sensitive voltage of the novel ZnO voltage-sensitive ceramic material is 360-700V/mm, the nonlinear coefficient (I-V nonlinear coefficient) alpha is greater than or equal to 18, the leak current IL is less than or equal to 1mA, and the comprehensive property is excellent. The material is equivalent to that of existing Bi-containing zinc oxide voltage-sensitive ceramic industrially produced in property.
2016
The subject of the application is a method of modifying the structure of organic molecules that allows them to be processed in a simple one-pot synthesis (i.e. one-step, direct synthesis). The application also includes a method of modifying the molecular structure of organic compounds using an oxidizing agent and occurring in a liquid environment, especially organic, which is characterized by the fact that a redox reagent containing at least one silver (II) compound is used as the oxidative initiation factor. The method allows isomerization, dehydrogenation, cracking and / or coupling of organic molecules, and these processes are selective, parallel and / or sequential. Reactions are carried out without the need for prior functionalization, processing or activation of organic compounds, while maintaining functional groups. The subject of the application are also redox reagents containing silver (II) salts used as oxidative initiators of these processes. The invention includes the use of silver (II) salts as redox reagents in the modification reactions of organic compound molecular structure compounds and the use of silver (II) salts as redox reagents for the utilization of hazardous, waste and / or toxic organic substances. The application also contains the use of silver (II) salts as redox reagents in organic synthesis, opening previously unknown possibilities for the synthesis and transformation of organic compounds at room temperature.
The present invention relates to the vibration system comprising: a filter plate (10) made of a ceramic porous material, said filter plate (10) comprising two sides an upper side and a lower side, and one or more vibration actuators (11) physically coupled to said filter plate (10) and driven, through electrical interconnections (21) and electrodes (23, 24), with a driving voltage to vibrate said filter plate (10) at a given frequency comprised in a range between 100 Hz and 100 kHz and to provide a displacement in a plane of said filter plate (10) with an amplitude be- tween 0.01 and 2 μm, wherein said filter plate (10) and said one or more vibration actuators (11) being assembled in a housing (13) with clamping means (14), a periphery of the housing (13) delimiting a filtering area (15), and said one or more vibration actuators (11) being located in or nearby said filtering area (15).
The invention provides an electro-optical modulator having: a mono-or multi-layered film of 2-dimensional semiconducting material having a layered crystal structure; and electrodes formed at each side of the semiconducting material, wherein the application of electrical potential to said electrodes and across said semiconducting material modulates the transmittance of light of certain wavelengths as a function of the voltage. Integrated photonic circuits and optical devices having such modulators are also provided.
2015
The present invention refers to a method for growing carbon nanowalls on a substrate of an implantable medical device by means of a processing chamber, said method comprising: providing said substrate in said processing chamber, evacuating said processing chamber to a processing pressure, entering a gas mixture inside the processing chamber, providing radicals inside said chamber and adsorbing said radicals on said substrate leading to growing of carbon nanowalls on said substrate.
The present invention refers to a method for immobilization of heparin on polymeric material, said method comprising selecting a substrate made from a polymeric material, pre-treating said substrate, mounting said substrate into a vacuum chamber, evacuating the vacuum chamber to pressure essentially below 100 Pa, preferably below 1 Pa, selecting a source of NH2 radicals, leaking the NH2 radicals from said source into said vacuum chamber during continuous pumping of said vacuum chamber, interacting said NH2 (NH2) radicals with said substrate made from a polymeric material, evacuating said vacuum chamber, venting said vacuum chamber to atmospheric pressure, and covalent bonding of activated heparin on said substrate.
The present invention relates to process of the electrochemical synthesis of the silver(ll) salts of high purity, the methods of synthesis of silver(ll) hydrates of high purity, products produced by these methods, and the use of so obtained silver(ll) compounds to modify the molecular structures of organic compounds including waste disposal. A method of electrochemical synthesis of a silver(II) salts with the electrolysis of the silver(l) salts or hydrogensalts of silver(l) in the acid solution containing the same anion as electrolyzed salt, preferably oxoanion or oxofluoroanion with inorganic element in a high degree of oxidation. Use of concentrated acid solu- tion, preferably at a concentration of above 80%. The invention includes silver(II) salts obtained by this method. Process of the synthesis of silver(ll) salts hydrates with expose of silver(II) or silver(I/If) salts to liquid water, ice or water vapour, under strictly controlled conditions. Preferably, the gas solution with a concentration of water vapor 0-100 g/m 3, for 1-200 hours. The invention includes silver(II) salts hydrates obtained by this method. A method of modifying the molecular structures of organic compounds using an oxidising agent is based in on the oxidative initiation of a reagent with a redox compound, using at least one of silver(ll) compound. The invention comprises the use of a silver(ll) salt. The invention comprises the use of a silver(ll) salt as the redox reagent for disposal of hazardous waste and/or toxic substances, particularly organic.
The present invention refers to a method which prevents excessive adsorption of microvesicles on the surfaces of tools used for sampling, storing and handling body fluids containing microvesicles. The method comprises the steps of: selecting said a tool from the a list plurality of tools including but not limited to needles, blood tubing, blood bags, catheters, Eppendorf tubes, pipettes or the like, providing said tool from said plurality of tools, providing a source of positively and negatively charged particles of high density, selecting a source assuring for formation of positively and negatively charged particles of high density and treating a surface of said tool by applying short pulses of said source of particles next to or on the said surface of said tool to assure surface modification of said surface by reacting said positively and negatively charged particles of high density on said surface. The method according to the present invention ensures contacting of tools with short pulses of highly ionized gas comprising both positively and negatively charged particles, the pulses being essentially short enough to avoid excessive heating of materials used for collecting, sampling, storage, transport and isolation of micro vesicles and the density of both positively and negatively charged particles which is essentially high enough to cause roughening of said tools on sub-micrometer or nanometer scale. Especially tools treated according to the present inventive method prevents excessive adsorption of microvesicles on the surfaces of said tools used for collecting, sampling, storing, transporting and isolating of microvesicles or the like. The method according to the present inven- tion enables higher yields and lower fragmentation of microvesicles for instance by preventing adsorption of this valuable diagnostic material on the surface of different tools used for isolation and detection. Accordingly, the present invention also provides increasing the roughness of a material by the method according to the present invention. In particular the material which is used to produce diagnostic or medical tools or devices.
This invention relates to bonded magnets and the method for their production. Such magnets benefit from the fact that for binding, they utilize Low-Melting-Point metal or an alloy, and thus can be used at temperatures where conventional bonded magnets cannot operate. This composite magnet is made of magnetic phase and non-magnetic metallic binder. The mechanical and magnetic properties of metal-bonded magnets vary with the ratio of the two phases. The optimum result is achieved when adding 20-40 wt. % of binder. A huge difference can be observed between conventional and spark-plasma sintering (SPS) processing. An increase in remanence is up to 30%, as a consequence of simultaneous application of pressure and temperature. Additionally, minimized expo- sure time contributes to preservation of magnetic properties, which is a strong advantage of SPS technique. The value added of such magnets is the ability to withstand temperatures above 200° C., due to metallic matrix.
The subject of the invention is a process for the synthesis of molybdenum carbides in the form of quasi-one-dimensional structures; This is nanowires, microsounds, nanotubes, and microtractors. The invention is in the field of inorganic chemistry and transition metal chemistry and refers to the synthesis of molybdenum carbides in the form of quasi-one-dimensional structures by the method of converting quasi-one-dimensional compounds with a submicro cross section of the nanoparticles described by the formula Mo6CyHz, 8.2 smaller than y + z less than 10, Mo is molybdenum, C is halogen (sulfur (S), selenium (Se), telur (Te)); H is halogen (iodine (I)), by heating in the presence of a carbon-containing gas. This process allows the synthesis of the macroscopic amount of molybdenum carbides in the form of quasi-one-dimensional structures (nanoscale, microsounds, nanotubes, and microtrains).
2014
The object of the invention is a process for producing alkaline steatite ceramics having controlled electrical properties for electrotechnology. Alkaline steatite ceramics of the invention belongs to a group of magnesium silicates of C 220 type. Steatite ceramics is an electrical insulator with a relatively low electrical conductivity at increased temperature. To produce the alkaline steatite ceramics the materials talc, kaolin, clays, bentonite and dolomite were used. The mixture can contain up to 1.5 % by weight of iron oxides. After the mixture is ground and the products are formed, the blanks are fired at a temperature in the range from 1280 to 1340 °C for 1 hour to 10 hours. Alkaline steatite ceramics with bentonite without added kaolin has specific electrical resistance at 400 °C 1.4 x 106 Ohm m. The ceramics, in which the total content of bentonite is replaced by kaolin, has specific electrical resistance at 400 °C more than 1 x 108 Ohm m.
The subject of the invention is a method for purification with blood, lymph, blood plasma or any other body fluid of contaminated metal implants made of titanium or titanium alloy. These implants are exposed to atomic oxygen, which reacts chemically with organic material from impurities at room temperature or slightly elevated temperature, partly or completely oxidizes it, and oxidation products can be volatile molecules leaving the surface of said implants during treatment. After the sufficiently large received dose of atomic oxygen, only the oxidized microelements that are initially present in the impurities with which the implants are contaminat- ed remain on the surface of said implants. The method allows complete removal of the organic component without altering the other properties of said implants, since the treatment is carried out at a sufficiently low temperature below 100 degrees Celsius.
The invention described herein is a reactor comprising: a housing defining a chamber therein; an inlet channel and an outlet channel running through the housing into the chamber; and a support positioned within the chamber; the support having a surface comprising a semiconductor material. Also described are methods of making reactors, methods of using reactors, and related uses and products.
The present invention lies in the field of electrocaloric energy conversion. More specifically, the present invention relates to improvements in systems and methods which employ electrocaloric materials as a source of temperature variation in electrocaloric refrigeration processes. Even more specifically, the present invention relates to the application of electrocaloric materials in combination with a working fluid communicating with a heat source and a heat sink in counter flow.
The subject of the invention is a curable hybrid sol-gel composition including the combination of: (a) a first sol comprising the combination of (i) a hydrolysable silicon alkoxide and (ii) a silicon alkoxide having a least one non-hydrolysable substituent bonded to the silicon atom; and (b) a second sol comprising the combination of (i) a hydrolysable metal oxide in which the central metal atom is selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Al, B, Sn, and V, and (ii) a (meth)acrylic acid-functional component. The cured composition is useful in a variety of compositions, e.g., as an anti-corrosion coating for metal substrates.
The present invention relates to a method of synthesizing tetragonal zirconia thin film material, said method comprising interaction of zirconium or zirconium-containing materials with a reaction gas comprising oxygen under elevated temperature and the influence of a magnetic field; a tetragonal zirconium material obtained thereby and its use in treatment of hazardous organic gases or liquids.
2013
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing fully dense Nd-Fe-B magnets by mixing Nd-Fe-B ribbons with a powder containing a heavy rare earth metal. The mixture comprises 1-4 wt% of the heavy rare earth metal and is in the first step spark plasma sintered to a fully dense nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B magnet and subsequently in a second step annealed to allow the diffusion of the heavy rare earth metal. With this method an enhancement of coercivity of approximately 30 % can be achieved.
This disclosure provides three-dimensional and thin film morphologies of fluoro-polymer nanocomposites with adjusted friction properties, which contain inorganic nanotube-based nanomaterials as low-friction additives. The term nanotube-based nanomaterials means nanomaterials which occur in cylindrical geometry, or are derived from cylindrical geometry by using mechanical or chemical methods. In particular, this disclosure provides a method of adjusting friction properties of PVDF based polymers with MoS2-nanotube-based as inorganic low-friction additives. Friction of the PVDF/MoS2 nanotube-based nanomaterials is substantionaly reduced with respect to PVDF coatings without the said additives.
2012
The invention relates to the construction of a three-way sliding mechanism using magnetism, with NdFeB magnets in an antipolar geometry, which provides a minimum coefficient of friction while moving the sliding element and controlled stopping thereof in predetermined positions. The sliding, sliding and stopping of the sliding element at precisely determined points is enabled by reflective forces between the magnets attached to the upper two pairs of magnetic rails. In this way, levitation of sliding elements of larger masses is also enabled. The stabilization of the sliding element in the transverse direction to the direction of sliding is facilitated by attractive forces between the magnets attached to the pair of lower magnetic rails.
The present concept was developed for formation of human- and environmental- friendly material able to provide antibacterial activity. This material is composed of bioceramic (hydroxyapatite), metallic (gold) and organic part containing amino and thiol groups (amino acids) in the form of composite. Bioceramic part of this material is templating agent applied as a controller of growth and stability of metallic nanoparticles particle. These metallic nanoparticles have functionalized surface and they are centers of antibacterial activity of composites. Efficacy of antibacterial activity of these materials depends on selection of surface functionalization providing activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. For developed materials this activity is much stronger compare to HAp/ Ag composite which shows ability for their use as more favorable re- placement of toxic silver. Materials were synthesized using sonochemical method, which has been developed as a novel, “green” approach for their formation.
This invention relates to a sensor module with a ceramic pressure sensor (1) manufactured in an elongated three-dimensional ceramic substrate having at least one cavity sealed with a measuring membrane (8) on which sensor elements are made, at one end of the substrate and with an electric connectors (12) and the reference pressure opening (9) which is connected to the cavity at the other end of the substrate via at least one channel (10) in the substrate, and this ceramic pressure sensor is fixed in the housing so as to form a console structure in which sensor portion of the sensor (4) with a membrane (8) on a free protruding end and the housing is divided into two hermetically separated chambers, one of which is in one measured medium and in the other there is a part of the substrate on which the electronics and connectors are made, so that the part substrate with a membrane (8) in contact with a measuring medium on the opposite side of the membrane, such as the sensor elements.
The subject of the invention is a process for the synthesis of nitrides 4d and 5d of transition metals (Nb, Mo Ta, W) in the form of quasi-one-dimensional structures, i.e. nanoparticles, microsounds, nanotubes and microtears. The invention comprises the synthesis of nitrides of transition metals in the form of quasi-one-dimensional structures with the method of converting quasi-one-dimensional compounds with a submicro cross section of the nanoparticles described by the formula M6CyHz, 8.2 smaller than y + z less than 10, where M is a transition metal (Nb, Mp Ta, W), C is a chalcogen (sulfur (S), selenium (Se), telur (Te)); H is halogen (iodine (I)) by heating in the presence of ammonia. This process allows the synthesis of large amounts of nitrides 4d and 5d (Nb, Mo Ta, W) of transitional metals in the form of quasi-one-dimensional structures (nanoscale, microsounds, nanotubes and microtrains).
The object of the invention is a multilayer ceramic structure that enables contactless dielectric heating of liquids and contains two electrodes, a cavity between them, and an input and output channel. Electrodes may be in direct contact with the heated liquid, but they may be protected by a thin layer of ceramics, which must be considerably thinner than the height of the cavity between the electrodes. Ceramic foils are folded in such a sequence to obtain gaps in the right places and compress the whole structure uniaxially or isostatically. Compressed multilayer ceramic structure is milled at temperatures from 800 to 1600 degrees C from 5 to 120 minutes. After firing, install the piping inlet and outlet ducts.
2011
The subject of the invention is a process of making voids in a multilayer ceramic structure by using magnesium carbonate (2) or mixtures of salts of magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide in various proportions as the material in the places where the void will be. Magnesium carbonate (2) is inserted into the multilayer ceramic structure in the form of a paste or foil as an auxiliary material. The place where the magnesium carbonate (2) is located must be open after firing. The ceramic foils are folded in such a way that gaps are obtained in the right places and the whole structure is compressed uniaxially or isostatically. The compressed multilayer ceramic structure is fired at a temperature of 800 to 1400 degrees C for 5 to 240 minutes. After firing, the multilayer ceramic structure is soaked in an aqueous solution of organic acids to remove the fired magnesium carbonate (2).
The subject of invention is a one-stage process of manufacturing composite ceramic heater before sintering powder mixtures of silicon nitride (Si3N4), Zirconium dioxode (Zn02) and oxide additives (Y203, Al203, Re203, …) for sintering and organic additions to the design, while during sintering in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen or argon on the surface of the composite with the reaction of Si3 N4 and ZrO2 forms ZrN, while core product remains unreacted. After sintering the product has the right mix insulating and conductive ceramic components, and good mechanical, thermal and electrical properties.
2010
The subject of invention is a process of magnetic precipitation of yeast biomass from sparkling wine using magnetic particles, to replace time consuming and expensive classical process. The classical process is based on a manual turningand lifting of bottles in vertical position with neck down. Using classical procedure takes about 60 days of manual labor for spent yeast biomass to accumulate in the bottle neck as sediment. After the sediment is in the bottle neck, it is removed by freezing and removing of the neck. By using magnetic particles that are absorbed by the yeast required in secondary fermentation, or their absorption on the spent yeast biomass after the secondary fermentation, the response of biomass to a magnetic field is achieved, and can thus be magnetically precipitated. Biomass, which has absorbed magnetic particles on the yeast surface, can be in approx. 15 minutes with the help of an external magnetic field settled in the bottle neck while further proceedings remains the same as in the classical champagne process, that is, by freezing the sediment and its removal.
The subject of the invention is a method for the preparation of carrier colloidal powder with high specific surface area for application of a thin layer and/or nanoparticles. Due to a very large specific surface area and porosity of the carrier particles certain properties of nanoparticles that they exhibit due to their small size are preserved or even increased in comparison with the use of nanoparticles as such. Handling the so prepared composite colloidal particles with an increased specific surface area is very simple. The carrier powder is produced by exploiting hydrolysis of the AIN powder, wherein during a reaction between AIN and water the decomposed AIN particles are replaced by a number of agglomerates of porous particles from AI00H with a high specific surface area that can be subsequently thermally treated in order to obtain the particles from one of the transitional forms of AI2O3, i. e. y-, d- or q-AI2O3, without any significant change in the morphology of the particles.
The subject of the invention is a method for the preparation of carrier colloidal powder with high specific surface area for application of a thin layer and/or nanoparticles. Due to a very large specific surface area and porosity of the carrier particles certain properties of nanoparticles that they exhibit due to their small size are preserved or even increased in comparison with the use of nanoparticles as such. Handling the so prepared composite colloidal particles with an increased specific surface area is very simple. The carrier powder is produced by exploiting hydrolysis of the A1N powder, wherein during a reaction between A1N and water the decomposed A1N particles are replaced by a number of agglomerates of porous particles from A100H with a high specific surface area that can be subsequently thermally treated in order to obtain the particles from one of the transitional forms of AI2O3, i. e. y-, 8- or 9-AI2O3, without any significant change in the morphology of the particles.
The subject invention is alumina porcelain used in the electrotechnics and process of its construction. Alumina porcelain after the invention belongs to the group of alkali alumosillicate porcelain with high mechanical strength. Alumina porcelain after the invention is prepared from the followingraw material: 25 to 38 weight percent of calcite alumina, 20 to 33 percent by weight of kaolin, 26 to 37 weight percent clay, 19 to26 weight percent potassium feldspar, 5 to 35 weight percentground porcelain shards and 0.01 to 1 weight percentsurfactants. The mixture can be served together from 1-24 hoursor by a mixture of clay and feldspar served 1-12 hours, addalumina, ground potsherd porcelain, kaolin and surfaceactive substances and further served 1-12 hours. Formed material is burning in the temperature range from 1280 to 1320 degrees C from 1 to 4hours. Alumina porcelain with the stated composition and prepared underprocedure described above has a flexural strength of 130 MPa and homogeneousmicrostructure. Porcelain potsherd that remains after processing isground into a powder of average particle size of 5 to 50 micrometersand is used in the manufacture of the raw material mixture.
The present invention relates to a magnetocaloric material based on GdSi2Ge2 and a procedure of its manufacture assuring the increase in cooling capacity and control of maximum magnetocaloric effect tempera- ture in the magnetocaloric material based on GdSi2Ge2 by addition of iron which replaces elements in the base alloy in various quantities. Such a material would be applicable as a working material in a magnetic cooler. According to the invention, the material based on GdSi2Ge2 is characteristic in that silicon and germanium are simultaneously replaced with iron according to the equation Gd5Si(2-x/2)Ge(2-x/2)Fex, where x is between 0.06 and 0.25. The magnetocaloric material is prepared by means of an arc smelter from suitable mixtures of elements in a water cooled copper container under argon atmosphere, where after each arc melting the material is turned around and molten again and the procedure is repeat- ed four times, then it is thermally treated so that it is closed in a quartz tube under vacuum and heated to 1300 degrees Celsius in a tube oven for 4 hours and finally cooled down with cold water at once.
The present invention relates to an implant having a multilayered coat- ing comprising a porous titanium-based layer on the implant, an optional interface titania layer on and/or in the porous titanium-based layer and a bioactive glass layer on and/or in the porous structure formed by the titanium-based and titania layer(s); as well as to a process for preparing an implant having a multilayered coating.
The subject of the invention is a bioactive and photocatalytic coating on metal orthopaedic and dental implants and a procedure of its preparation. The coating based on titanium oxide is prepared by hydrothermal treatment of metal implants in an autoclave at a temperature of 100- 300 degrees Celsius for 6-96 hours in a saturated water solution of Ti, Ca, Mg, P, Si, Sr and Zn ions, having a pH value of 3 to 12. After the hydrothermal treatment, there is an up to 5 micrometres thick coating on a metal implant, based on titanium oxide in the form of anatase, the grains being of a pinacoid shape and containing essential microelements, the coating is firmly bound to the substrate, it is hydrophilic and photocatalytic and in irradiation by UV-light it decomposes organic and biological impurities or sterilizes the surface, forms hydroxyapatite on surfaces in a simulated body liquid and prevents direct contact of blood plasma with cytotoxic and allergenic metals, e.g. with aluminium and vanadium in Ti6Al4V. In this way the coating on the basis of titanium oxide, prepared by hydrothermal treatment of metal implants, accelerates and enhances the osteointegration of implants and reduces the later negative effect on the organism.
2009
The present invention describes a material in the form of lithium fluoride powder containing colour centres and the method for its preparation, by the formation of colour centres based on irradiating the powder with synchrotron radiation (light). The method involves mechanically reducing the size of the particles that form the LiF powder and the formation of colour centres therein by its exposure to synchrotron radiation. The so activated powder, which maintains the transparency characteristics of the original material if exposed to sunlight, can find wide use as an additive both in common printing inks and in pigments used in the artistic field to be used for the formation of marks on artefacts for anti-counterfeiting/identification purposes.
The present invention relates to a high performance thin-film, transistor entirely processed at temperatures not exceeding 150°C, using amorphous multi component dielectrics based on the mixture of high band gap and high dielectric constant (K) materials. The invention relates to the use of sputtered or ink jet printed mixed dielectric materials such as Ta2O5 with SiO2 or Al2O3 or HfO2 with SiO2 or Al2O3. These multicomponent dielectrics allow producing amorphous dielectrics to be introduced in high stable electronic devices with low leakage currents, while preserving a high dielectric constant. This results in producing thin film transistors with remarkable electrical properties, such as the ones produced based on Ga-In-Zn oxide as channel layers and where the dielectric was the com- bination of the mixture Ta2O5:SiO2, exhibiting field-effect mobility exceed- ing 35 cm2 V-1 s-1, close to 0 V turn-on voltage, on/off ratio higher than 106 and subthreshold slope below 0.24 V dec-1.
The subject of the invention is alumina porcelain and a procedure of its manufacture. Alumina porcelain according to the invention belongs to the group of alkali alumosilicate porcelains with low thermal dilatation coefficient and contains from 58 to 62 wt.% aluminium oxide, from 0.1 to 0.3 wt.% sodium oxide, from 1.5 to 2.5 wt.% potassium oxide and from 1.0 to 1.4 wt.% lithium oxide. The iron oxide content in the material is less than 0.5 wt.%. After sintering in the temperature range from 1290 to 1330 degrees Celsius, ceramic material is thermally treated at a temperature between 900 and 1050 degrees Celsius in the period of 10 to 240 minutes. Ceramic material with the said composition and sintered and thermally treated according to the procedure described shows a thermal dilatation coefficient from 4.6 to 5.2 x 10 exp6/K within the temperature range from 20 to 600 degrees Celsius, a flexural strength higher than 160 MPa and contains minerals such as corundum, mullite and lithium alumosilicate.
2008
The subject of the invention is a procedure of preparation of ceramics based on alkali niobates and alkali niobate tantaletes by mechanochemical activation of the starting mixture of powders. Starting powders are first homogenised in acetone or a similar organic solvent, then mechanochemically activated by dry grinding, heated, ground again in an organic solvent, dried, pressed in shapes and sintered at higher temperatures. After the heating of the mechanochemically activated powder, the formed alkali niobate or alkali niobate tantalate does not contain any secondary phases.
The object of the invention is a process for the synthesis of nanotubes of transition metal dichalcogenides, of fullerene-like nanostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides, of nanotubes of transition metal dichalcogenides, filled with fullerene-like nanostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides, of quasi onedimensional structures (nanowires, microwires and ribbons) of transition metal oxides and of quasi one-dimensional structures of transition metal dichalcogenides, consisting of fine crystallites of transition metal dichalcogenides. The process is characterized in that the synthesis occurs by the chemical transformation of quasi one-dimensional compounds with a sub-micron diameter.
2007
The subject of invention is the synthesis of nanowires of tungsten oxide W5O14 in the presence of nickel at temperatures under 1000 degrees Celsius. A procedure is presented for the synthesis of a highly homogeneous phase of the compound W5O14 from the vapour phase in the presence of nickel according to the method of chemical transport in a sealed quartz vial. As the second embodiment, a procedure is presented for the synthesis of the compound W5O14 in a flow-through reaction vessel. In both procedures, electrically conductive nanowire crystals of the compound W5O14 are obtained.
The subject of the invention is a procedure for the synthesis of nanotubes of dichalcogenides of transition elements, fullerene-similar nanostructures of dichalcogenides of transition elements and nanotubes of dichalcogenides of transition elements, filled with fullerene-similar nanostructures of dichalcogenides of transition elements. The procedure is characteristic in that the synthesis is run via chemical transformation of quasi-one-dimensional materials composed of nanowires with a diameter under one micrometre.
The subject of invention is a procedure for synthesis of quasi one-dimensional structures, i.e. nanowires, microwires and tapes of metal oxides of transition metals and quasi one-dimensional structures of transition metal dichalcogenides composed of fine crystallites of transition metal dichalcogenides.
The subject of invention is a procedure of application of an adhesive coating to a substrate, preferentially a dental prosthetic product or bone implant, by precipitation of aluminium hydroxides, formed by hydrolysis of aluminium nitride (AlN) powder in a water suspension or in a suspension containing water, and by subsequent thermal treatment. The application is intended to improve the adhesion of commercial dental and/or bone cements to the substrate which serves as a dental prosthetic product or bone implant preferentially. Sintered ceramics from tetragonal zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, spinel, mullite or any other biocompatible inorganic material, applicable as dental material or material for bone implants, is used for the substrate, then the latter is immersed into water containing aluminium nitride (AlN) powder, where the synthesis of the coating takes place by precipitation of aluminium oxides formed by hydrolysis of AlN powder in water suspension. Then the substrate is withdrawn from the suspension, dried and exposed to thermal treatment at an elevated temperature.
The subject of invention is a procedure of preparation of a magnetic nanocomposite which contains a high content of dispersed nanoparticles within a polymethyl metacrylate matrix. Magnetic nanocomposites are applied on various fields of electrical engineering, for example as absorbers of high frequency electromagnetic waves. The procedure is based on the preparation of a concentrated colloidal suspension of previously synthesised magnetic nanoparticles in a nonpolar carrier liquid. A monomer and suitable initiator are dissolved in the carrier liquid of this suspension. A polymer in which magnetic nanoparticles are dispersed is isolated during the precipitation polymerisation. The content of nanoparticles is controlled by the ratio between the content of dissolved monomer and the content of suspended nanoparticles.
The subject of invention is alumina porcelain for electrical engineering and the procedure for its manufacture. Technical porcelain according to the invention belongs to the group of high mechanical strength alkaline alumo-silicate porcelains. The alumina porcelain according to the invention has the following chemical composition (mass %): from 58 to 62 % aluminium oxide, from 0,3 to 0,6 % iron oxide, from 0,1 to 0,3 % sodium oxide, from 1,5 to 2,5 % potassium oxide and from 0,8 to 1,2 % lithium oxide. The total content of iron oxide is lower than 0,5 %. Ceramic material is fired in the temperature range from 1280 to 1320 degrees Celsius for 1 to 4 fours. Ceramic material with the said composition and prepared according to the procedure described exhibits a higher flexural strength than 200 MPa. Surface glazed ceramic material prepared according to the procedure described exhibits a higher flexural strength than 240 MPa.
2006
Process of Hydprophobization of Ceramic Powder by Application of Organic Coating in Water Suspension
The subject of invention is a process of hydrophobization of ceramic powder by application of a thin organic coating onto ceramic powder particles in a water suspension intended for injection moulding. In the process of hydrophobization of ceramic powder by application of an organic coating in a water suspension, a water suspension of ceramic powder is prepared, to which from 0,1 to 2 wt. % of carboxylic acid salt is added. Then the suspension is homogenized and the liquid evaporated during stirring. The dried out powder is heated at a temperature above 90 degrees Celsius for at least 10 minutes. The hydrophobization of ceramic powder enables the preparation of a powder which does not get moist in a humid environment as well as the preparation of paraffin suspensions of ceramic powder with a higher powder content and low viscosity not affected by the presence of moisture in the environment.
The subject of invention is the procedure of preparation of dense ceramics from niobates and niobates-tantalates of alkaline elements with addition of potassium and sodium germanate. The ratio of potassium to sodium germanate is optional, however preferentially the same as the ratio of potassium to sodium in niobate-tantalate of alkaline elements, and the quantity of additive is in the range of 0.1 to 10 weight %. The mole ratio of K/Ge to Na/Ge within the potassium and sodium germanate additive lies between 2/2 and 1/2. The niobate and alkaline element niobate-tan- talate powders are mixed, potassium and sodium germanate are added, the mixture is wet-ground, the suspension dried out and the powder pressed into shapes and fired at a temperature between 950 and 1500 degrees Celsius for 1 to 24 hours. Density of ceramics amounts to more than 95 % of its theoretical value.
The subject of invention are ferroelectric and piezoelectric structures on a reactive ceramic substrate, excelling in good functional properties and simple execution. The invention takes advantage of adhesion of lead perovskites to a reactive ceramic substrate and to noble metals. An intermediate layer (2) of lead perovskites is applied to the substrate (1) of reactive ceramics, followed by an electrode (3) made of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy and finally by an active layer (4) of lead perovskites, optionally with a low-melting additive.
2005
Subject of the invention is a method for partial or complete change of functional groups on the surface of polymer or polymer containing materials in combination with plasma functionalization and localised thermal defunctionalization. The surface of materials is first subjected to cold plasma, which provides the correct functionalisation of the polymer. Following the plasma treatment, the surface is locally heated by any method, preferably by a jet of electrons which results in a local defunctionalization at the hot spot. By conducting the jet of electrons across the surface of the material, any distribution of the functional groups across the surface of the material can be generated. Subject of the invention is also a device which facilitates the implementation of such processing.
The present invention relates to a thick-layer piezo-resisitve pressure sensor with freestanding diaphragm, made in such a way that the diaphragm inside the enclosure is from one side supported by a supporting ring from hard material, which defines the diameter of the active surface of the diaphragm, and on the other side at the edge of the active surface it is supported by an elastic washer. The washer maintains the shape of a ring, which is of equal diameter than the supporting ring so that both rings together form a flexible fixing of the diaphragm, while upon exposure to pressure the deformation of the diaphragm due to the fixing can be neglected and small specific deformation of the diaphragm are most explicit in its central part. In the area of the largest diaphragm deformation there are on both sides of the diaphragm on each side two symmetrical thick-layer resistors featuring explicit piezo-resistive properties. Upon exposure to pressure these two resistors are expanded, while the two other ones are contracting, therefore the resistivity of the first pair is increasing and that of the second ones decreasing. All four resistors are via conductive links and terminal pads connected to a Wheatston bridge. With equal exposure to pressure such a construction features larger mechanical deformation levels than in cases when the diaphragm is attached to a support, which results in enhanced pressure sensitivity of the sensor.
2004
The subject of invention is the preparation of powders of complex lead perovskites from metal oxides or other compounds in water suspensions under pH value control or by addition of a flocculant to a suspension and firing of a dried-out suspension.
The subject of invention is the preparation of high-density potassium sodium niobate ceramics (K0.5Na0.5NbO3) from the double salt potas-sium sodium tartrate hydrate and niobium oxide by firing. Niobium oxide (Nb2O5) and potassium sodium tartrate hydrate (KNaC4H4O6x4H2O) are mixed in the molar ratio 1:1, the mixture with acetone is wet ground for 4 – 6 hours, the suspension is dried out and calcined by firing at a temperature from 650 up to 850 degrees Celsius for 1 to 8 hours, the powder is wet ground with acetone again for 4 to 6 hours down to the particle size of 0,5 to 1 micrometer and dried out, pressed into shapes at a pressure from 50 to 500 MPa and sintered for 1 to 4 hours at 1115 to 1125 degrees Celsius.
The subject of the invention is a small piston for hydraulic brakes, preferably for vehicles, manufactured from transformation stabilised mullite ceramic (ZTM ceramic), consisting of a mullite matrix and dispersed parts of predominantly tetragonal ZrO2. The piston according to the invention protects the brake cheeks and hydraulic fluid within them against overheating, is resistant to quick temperature changes, and it does not break with catastrophic destruction upon mechanical and/or thermal overloads. This way it enables effective and safe operation of the braking system upon aggressive and long braking, which is provided by modern braking systems. The piston according to the invention is made in such a way that the synthetic mullite powder, made either by remelting sintering, coprecipitation, salt-gel reaction or any other reaction in solid, liquid or gas form, and ZrO2 powder, eventually doped with Y2O3 or CeO2 or any other oxide stabilizing the ZrO2 tetragonal phase, are used as basic raw materials, or a mixture of constituents in corresponding mole proportions or their compounds along with natural minerals, which during sintering react upon generation of mulllite and ZrO2, which can be doped by Y2O3 or CeO2 or any other oxide stabilizing the ZrO2 tetragonal phase; for preparing stock any known procedure of dry, wet or plastic processing like pressing, casting, spraying, extrusion with subsequent mechanical processing can be applied, while after processing the samples are dried or the organic additives, required for processing are removed from them, and sintered at temperatures, when such type of ceramics thickens to sealed porosity or maximum relative thickness.
2003
The present invention relates a quasi-one-dimensional material with sub-micron cross-section. The present invention also concerns the use of these materials in electronic, chemical, optical or mechanical applications.
The subject of invention is a procedure of preparation of complex perovskites by a mechanochemical synthesis in such a manner that the compound produced contains no other compounds and impurities originating from the mill construction material, which might affect functional properties of the prepared material. The invention takes advantage of rapid and easy formation of lead titanate with the perovskite structure, which enhances the formation of the complex perovskite during the phase of synthesis. Lead titanate can be prepared by a mechanochemical synthesis or in some other way.
The subjects of invention are ferroelectric thick-layer structures on a reactive ceramic substrate, excelling in good ferroelectric properties and simple execution. The invention takes advantage of a good bond strength of aluminium oxide to the reactive ceramic substrate and aluminium oxide to noble metals. According to the invention, the task is solved by an interlayer of unreactive aluminium oxide between the ceramic substrate and the electrode made of noble metals. The layer of aluminium oxide may contain an additive admixed to enable firing of the protective aluminium oxide layer at lower temperatures.
The subject of invention is a ferroelectric ceramics based on (Ba, Sr) TiO3, whose sintering temperature is lowered to less than 920 degrees Celsius with addition of Li2O, which allows it to be sintered simultaneously with metallic silver. The low sinterable ferroelectric ceramics according to the invention is manufactured according to standard production procedures for ceramic elements, i.e. by casting or piling up thick layers or creation of thin layer films.
The present invention relates to a measuring tool for measuring magnetic properties of a magnetic sample in a closed loop, comprising an electromagnet (1) in a closed loop arrangement with two pole pieces (3) connected to a yoke (2), said pole pieces (3) forming a gap (4) for the placement of the sample (5), a search coil (6) for the measurement of a flux density B of the sample (5) and a magnetic field sensor (7) for the measurement of a magnetic field strength H in the gap (4) between said pole pieces (3). The pole pieces (3) comprise heater elements (8) for heating the pole pieces (3) to temperatures of at least 400° C and are thermally insulated against the yoke (2) of the electromagnet (1). The pole pieces (3), the search coil (6) and the magnetic field sensor (7) are made of materials which resist said high temperatures.
2002
The subject of the submitted invention are the procedure and device for solidification control of ceramic water suspensions in closed moulds by measuring the impedance in a wider frequency spectre or at a selected frequency. The solidification of the suspension due to a chemical reaction of the added reactant can be detected by a fast increase in resistivity – the suspension has solidified, when the electric resistivity has increased by at least 10 times. The process provides an exact control over solidification during the complete process in place, this means directly on the product, while measuring is non-destructive for the product and electrodes. There are two versions described. With the first one the frequency susceptibility of the impedance is measured, and based on Cole-Cole diagrams the high-frequency resistivity is calculated, which during solidification of the suspension increases by tenfold or much more. According to the other, simplified method the solidification level of the suspension is determined by measuring resistivity at a predefined frequency while with the help of a comparator circuit the increase of the resistivity of at least ten times is determined.
The invention relates to suspensions of ceramic and/or metal powders which are characterized by their liquid phase based on paraffin oil, which is defined as a mixture of aliphatic non-branched hydrocarbons with 9-18 carbon atoms in the chain and dry substance content between 35 and 65 % by vol. The following advantages can be obtained with the solution proposed by the invention: the suspension prepared in accordance with the procedure described can be plastic-formed at a room temperature and the resulting shape of products retained by cooling down or immersion in water. Next, the suspension according to the invention can be used for shaping products with greater volume. Finally, suspensions according to the invention can be used for preparation of cellular composites by stacking layers of various composition one upon another and rolling them. The process of preparation of suspensions is not expensive or technically demanding and even does not require some special equipment.
The subject of invention is the composition and procedure of preparation of a stable water suspension – mixture of metal oxides – for the manufacture of multilayer ZnO varistors according to the slip casting method. The procedure of preparation of a stable suspension – mixture of powdered oxides ZnO, Bi2O3, Mn3O4, Co3O4 and TiO2 – is indicated by dispersing 1 up to 80 weight % of solid substance with the average particle size of 1,0 to 5,0 micrometers in water containing 0,08 to 0,3 weight % of dispersant, by adding at the same time to the suspension after dispersing 5 to 15 weight % of binder and plasticizer in relative proportions of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, and by casting the suspension of oxide powders after dispersing and addition of binder and plasticizer on a movable surface at the distance between the slip casting blade and the movable substrate of 100 up to 260 micrometers. The slip-cast and dried ceramic layer is then used for the manufacture of multilayer ZnO varistors.
The subject of the invention are thick-layer structures on a silicon base, which feature good ferroelectric properties and simple application. The invention profits from the excellent adhesion between aluminium oxide and the silicon base as well as aluminium oxide and precious metals. According to the invention the task is solved by applying an intermediate layer (2) of aluminium oxide between the silicon base (1) and the electrode (3) made of precious metals. The layer of aluminium oxide features a dopant, which allows heating up to 950 degrees Celsius.
The invention deals with the manufacture and application of electronic material based on single-layer nanotubes of dichalcogenides of transient metals and electronic conductor for lithium-ion batteries and accumulators. The material based on single-layer nanotubes of dichalcogenide transient metals and electronic conductor provide the integration of lithium into lithium-diaphragm batteries and the integration of lithium to lithium-ion batteries. The quantity of the integrated lithium in the material based on single-layer nanotube bundles of transient metals dichalcogenides and electronic conductor depends on the share of the active material and on the preparation of these, amounting to 3.2 mol (average value 2.3 mol) lithium per mol of transient metal chalcogenides. The average voltage of making lithium from active material based on single-layer MoS2 nanotube bundles and electronic conductor, is 1.1 V measured against the semi-element Li/Li+.
The invention refers to the use of quasionedimensional ternary compounds of transition metals MxHyHaz (M is a transition metal Mo, W, Ta, Nb; H is sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te); Ha is iodine (J)) and doped quasionedimensional ternary compounds of transition metals MxHyHaz (M is Ta, Ti, Nb; H is sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te); Ha is iodine (J)) with elements of the group 1b (silver (Ag), gold (Au) or copper (Cu)) as electron emitters under the effect of electric field. The proportion of quasionedimensional ternary compounds of transition metals or/and doped quasionedimensional ternary compounds of transition metals doped with elements of the group 1b in active material is between 0.1-99.9 %, and the remaining proportion may be additives in the form of conductive, nonconductive or semiconductive compounds or composites. Electron emission is taking place at a pressure less than 1 mbar.
2001
The invention relates to a method for protection of AlN powder carried out by adsorption of aluminium dihydrogen phosphate on the surface of AlN powder particles during mixing or grinding in water or a liquid containing water. The procedure for protection according to the invention is characterized by dispersion of 1 up to 80 weight % AlN powder with average particle size between 0,1 micrometres and 1 milimetre in water or a solution containing between 0,001 and 2,5 moles per litre of dissolved aluminium dihydrogen phosphate. During dispersion or later during drying, the AlN powder suspension is warmed up to a temperature above 60 degrees Celsius and after dispersion, the suspension of AlN powder is dried out or the AlN powder separated from the liquid by filtra- tion, centrifugation or decantation and dried out, or washed and dried out. Alternatively, after dispersion and homogenization in the presence of organic or inorganic additives required for the preparation of ceramics, the AlN suspension may be used for the shaping of ceramic green bodies.
2000
The invention refers to the process of synthesis of nanotubes of dichalkogenides of transition metals according to the method of chemical transport with addition of fullerenes. Nanotubes of dichalcogenides of transition metals are obtained by this process. The nanotubes are arranged hexagonally in the form of needle-like bundles. The process comprises the method of chemical transport where besides halogens (iodine and/ or bromine) fullerenes are also applied under conditions where the latter are to be found in the vapour phase. The chemical transport reaction is taking place in a quartz ampule which is flame-sealed at the negative pressure greater than 5×10-3 torr. The temperature in the hot part of the ampule is higher than 830 degrees Celsius.
Biological sciences
2017
The subject of the patent application is a method for treating garlic pods with highly reactive gaseous species, such as those formed in gas plasma. The subject of the patent application is also a device that can be used for this type of processing. The described treatment serves as a method of improving the properties of plants grown from such treated pods for use in agriculture. Examples include improved germination, accelerated growth, increased yield or enhanced plant vitality.
2016
This invention relates to a flow device for extracting a dissolved analyte from a liquid sample, comprising (i) a liquid sample inlet 1, (ii) a carrier gas inlet 2, (iii) an equilibration section 5, where flows of liquid sample and car- rier gas coming from the inlets are mixed and equilibration of the content of analyte in the two phases takes place, and (iv) a gas-liquid phase separator 6 downstream of the equilibration section, for separating the gaseous phase with the extracted analyte from the liquid phase of the mixture. Mixing of the two phases may take place in a mixing chamber prior to entry into the equilibration section, which may comprise a helical tube.
The lower part of the gas-liquid separator may comprise a U-shaped tube 7 branching off to two outlets, one for the treated liquid sample and another for residual carrier gas. The upper part thereof may be connected to a device 9 for measuring the analyte concentration in the carrier gas, whereby its concentration in the liquid sample may be determined via the value of partition coefficient. Preferably the analyte is elemental mercury, the liquid sample is wet flue gas desulfurisation scrubber solution and the carrier gas is nitrogen.
The lower part of the gas-liquid separator may comprise a U-shaped tube 7 branching off to two outlets, one for the treated liquid sample and another for residual carrier gas. The upper part thereof may be connected to a device 9 for measuring the analyte concentration in the carrier gas, whereby its concentration in the liquid sample may be determined via the value of partition coefficient. Preferably the analyte is elemental mercury, the liquid sample is wet flue gas desulfurisation scrubber solution and the carrier gas is nitrogen.
This invention relates to a device and process for the remediation of wa- ter from small biological treatment plants. The invention envisages a remediation device for water remediation, which is connected to the outflow pipe of a small biological treatment plant (SBWTP), and connected to a water supply system for the consumers, consisting of a nano-remediation unit, oxidation units, and ion-exchange and filtration units. The process of water remediation is also envisaged, which leads to the purification of water to the quality of drinking water, the process comprising the steps of nano-remediation with zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI), purification with oxidizing agents, ion-exchange purification and filtration on granular activated carbon. Finally, remediated water is suitable for all secondary human needs and for use in industry, for example concrete making.
2015
The subject of the invention is a process that allows the control of lactic acid fermentation of wine and is based on the use of magnetic particles. The production of wine is based on fermentation of must, which covers two fermentation processes; alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Lactic acid or secondary fermentation, which usually begins after alcoholic fermentation, is a desirable process, as it reduces the acidity of the wine, strengthens the organoleptic characteristics of the wine and improves the microbiological stability of the wine. For known processes, acid-acid fermentations with addition of lactic acid bacteria, such as Oenococcus oeni, to must. Lactic bacteria convert malic acid into lactic acid and carbon dioxide. A technical problem that is not satisfactorily solved is the control of the process of lactic acid fermentation and the removal of lactic acid bacteria from the wine after lactic acid fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria multiply in the process of lactic acid fermentation and usually completely alter the substrate of malic acid into a product of lactic acid. When they run out of the primary substrate, malic acid, they begin to metabolize other substances into the wine, which can have a significant negative effect on the taste of the wine. It is an object and object of the present invention to enable the control of lactic acid fermentation by isolating lactic acid bacteria from the wine at the appropriate stage of the lactic fermentation process or after completion of lactic acid fermentation. By eliminating bacteria, fermentation processes stop. The elimination of lactic acid bacteria is achieved by irreversible adsorption of magnetic particles onto their surfaces, which enables their removal from the must by using an external magnetic field.
The invention concerns the determination and evaluation of the crystal structure of autolysin E (AtlE) of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), or a crystallizable fragment of AtlE, a method for producing a crystal of AtlE and the respective crystallization kit, and its use in a method for screening an inhibitor of the N-acetylglucosaminidase activity of AtlE, for obtaining atomic spatial relationship data, and for identifying a binding compound of AtlE, e.g. by in silico screening.
2013
The invention relates to 13 protein mushroom extracts and 1 protein extract from mycelium with antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum that have shown activity in tests. Moreover, an A. phalloides protein fraction also completely inhibited bacterial growth. The extracts and fractions not only displayed potent inhibition of bacterial multiplication but more commonly displayed bactericidal effect, rather than bacteristatic. In vivo testing of 5 selected extracts on tomato and potato plants lead to conclusions, that C. geotropa, S. variegatus and T. saponaceum extracts lower disease occurrence and delay bacterial wilting on both tomato and potato plants. Thus, mushroom protein extracts of the present invention are an important tool to treat bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum. Moreover inhibition of 12 R. solanacearum strains as well as R. mannitolilytica and E. coli by mushroom protein extracts proves their broad spectrum activity, which could be beneficial in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, waste management/bioremediation and agriculture.
The present invention relates to molecular probes of the formula (I) as defined herein that allow for the observation of the catalytic activity capase-1 in in vitro assays, in cells or in multicellular organisms, and the use thereof in medicine.
The object of the present invention is low-dimensional, primarily 2D folded structures of organic and /or inorganic substances and /or their agglomerates, which have folds and faces of irregular shape and exhibit high local electric field strength generated by surface charges on the said folds, faces and edges, and use thereof: as sorbents of organic particles (molecules, bacteria, viruses, proteins, antigens, endotoxins) and inorganic particles (metal ions, colloids); as an agent with wound healing and antibacterial activity; as an agent for tumor cell growth inhibition.
The present invention with a modified DNA sequence for the in vitro expression of recombinant protease from Aeropyrum pernix K1, perinine in the heterologous expression system. In addition, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of subtilysinlike protease using recombinant DNA techniques.
2012
The present invention refers to a chemical way of exploiting a heterosis in commercially significant hermaphrodite plant species, especially common wheat (lat. Triticum aestivum L.), in which easily soluble or water-soluble derivatives of oxanilic acid of general Formula (I) and/or agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts thereof or water-soluble preparations that contain them are used as an active chemical hybridization substance. The invention further refers to a method for the production of hybrid seeds of F1 generation of commercially significant hermaphrodite plant species, especially common wheat, with chemical hybridization with easily soluble compounds of general Formula (I) and/or the agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts thereof, which makes it possible, unlike the ways used hithereto, a simpler design of a seed crop for the production of hybrid seeds of F1 generation, better spatial exploitation, better pollination of the female component (line AA) and a greater quantity of seeds of the desired F1 generation based on the sown quantity of both parent components.
The present invention relates to methods for producing oxide ferrimagnetics with spinel structure and iron oxide nanoparticles by soft mechano-chemical synthesis using inorganic salt hydrates, oxide ferrimagnetics with spinel structure and iron oxide nanoparticles of ultra-small size and high specific surface area obtainable by the methods, biocompatible aqueous colloidal systems comprising oxide ferrimagnetics with spinel structure and iron oxide nanoparticles, carriers comprising oxide ferrimagnetics with spinel structure and iron oxide nanoparticles, and uses thereof in medicine.
2011
The subject of the invention is the use of macrocypins as pesticidal active ingredients for plant protection. Macrocipins are a group of proteins that are naturally present in the fungus Macrolepiota procera. The use of these plant protection proteins is possible in two ways. The first is by using genetically modified plants to which a polynucleotide sequence encoding at least one of the proteins of the present invention is stably incorporated into the genome. Another way is the direct application of proteins to plants. In this case, a polynucleotide sequence encoding at least one of the proteins of the present invention is inserted into a heterologous expression vector for the production of a recombinant protein in a bioreactor. These proteins can be applied directly to the plants we want to protect after the cleaning process. The polypeptides of the present invention are particularly useful for protecting against pests of agricultural plants, such as groups of insects of the orders Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera and Coleoptera, preferably against the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata).
The invention refers to the chemical-pharmaceutical industry and medicine and represents a contrast agent for T and/or T magnetic resonant scanning consisting of a nano-sized superparamagnetic powder of cubic cobalt ferrite spinel CoFeO.
The invention relates to Cathepsin-binding compounds bound to a nanodevice comprising a therapeutic and/or diagnostic moiety, for use in the diagnosis and/or treatment of inflammatory diseases, and/or for use in the diagnosis and/or treatment of neoplastic diseases, wherein the Cathepsin-binding compound binds to inflammatory cells of the tumour stroma. The invention also relates to Cathepsin B-targeting compounds and Cathepsin B-binding and liposome-binding compounds.
The present invention relates to genetically modified microorganisms that express TNF± binding polypeptide on their surface. Peptides expressed on the surface of microorganism are more resistant to chemical and enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. Such microorganisms are capable of binding TNF± and therefore reducing the content of free TNF± and alleviating its pro-inflammatory effects in the gut. Such microorganisms can be used as medicament in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Physical sciences
2018
The invention presents a memory device (and method of use) whereby a switchable resistive element 4 and a superconductor element 3 are connected electrically in parallel (and preferably disposed in parallel in a stack). The switchable resistive element comprises active material, switchable between first and second electrical resistivity (p1, p2) values at the same temperature, (p1 different to p2). The active material may be 1T-TaS2, a layered dichalcogenide, chalcogenide or oxide material, and demonstrate resistive switching, charge density wave (CDW ordering), memristor or memory resistor behaviour. The superconductor element is operable such that part or all of the superconductor element is switch- able from a superconducting state to a non-superconducting state, and when this occurs a current injection passes through switchable resistive element capable of switching the switchable resistive element between first and second electrical resistivity values, representing first and second memory states. The memory device may be volatile or non-volatile. The superconductor may be a narrow channel or nanowire and include a constriction region to switch to a non superconducting state in preference to the reminder of the superconductor element. The device may be a two or three terminal device and current injection may be provided in a pulsed mode or continuous mode by an external circuit to activate the switch. Alternatively part of the superconductive element may be switched from superconducting to non-superconducting state by temperature.
The object of the invention is a device, a lab-on-a-chip, comprising a biochemical testing apparatus (fig 2;202) and an electrically conducting element 105 wherein in use the disc is rotated relative to one or more magnets, so as to induce an electrical current in the electrically conducting element, thereby heating the biochemical testing apparatus. A system comprising the lab on a disc, a motor 103 to which the disc is releasably attached such that the disc is rotatable, and one or more magnets 108a, 108e located proximate to the disc such that when the motor rotates the lab on a disc, an electrical current is induced in the electrically conducting element. The temperature of the disc is controlled by controlling the rotational frequency of the disc or the distance between the one or more magnets and the electrically conducting element. The electrically conducting element may be a plate or foil formed of copper. The lab on a disc may further comprise a temperature sensor 106 and a transmitter 102 to transmit the sensed temperature. Ideally, the transmitter comprises one or more light emitting diodes which turn on and off at a frequency dependent upon the sensed temperature.
2017
The subject of the invention is a process for the synthesis of metal molybdates and metal tungstates from molybdenum and tungsten carbides and nitrides. The invention relates to the synthesis of metal molybdates and metal tungstates from molybdenum and tungsten carbides and nitrides by the method of converting molybdenum and tungsten carbides and nitrides in the presence of a solution of metal-containing reactive compounds. This process allows the synthesis of large amounts of metal molybdates and metal tungstates from molybdenum and tungsten carbides and nitrides.
The subject of the invention is a handheld device for the location and identification of a radiation source, including: a radiation transparent housing; a radiation locator device disposed within the radiation transparent housing operable for determining the location of the radiation source, wherein the radiation locator device includes a plurality of gamma detection crystals arranged in a geometric pattern and separated by a gamma shielding material, a plurality of detectors coupled to the plurality of gamma detection crystals, and a processor module coupled to the plurality of detectors; one or more of a neutron detection crystal and a gamma spectroscopy crystal disposed within the radiation transparent housing adjacent to the radiation locator device; and one or more detectors coupled to the one or more of the neutron detection crystal and the gamma spectroscopy crystal and the processor module; wherein the one or more of the neutron detection crystal and the gamma spectroscopy crystal, the one or more detectors, and the processor module are collectively operable for identifying the radiation source.
The subject of the invention is a device for sensing, locating, and characterizing a radiation emitting source, including: a detection crystal having dimensions great enough such that regional differences in radiation response are generated in the detection crystal by radiation impinging on one or more surfaces of the detection crystal; and a plurality of detectors one or more of coupled to and disposed on a plurality of surfaces of the detection crystal operable for detecting the regional differences in radiation response generated in the detection crystal by the radiation impinging on the one or more surfaces of the detection crystal.
This invention relates to a radiation area monitor device/method, utilizing: a radiation sensor having a directional radiation sensing capability; a rotation mechanism operable for selectively rotating the radiation sensor such that the directional radiation sensing capability selectively sweeps an area of interest; and a processor operable for analysing and storing a radiation fingerprint acquired by the radiation sensor as the directional radiation sensing capability selectively sweeps the area of interest. Optionally, the radiation sensor includes a gamma and/or neutron radiation sensor. The device/method selectively operates in: a first supervised mode during which a baseline radiation fingerprint is acquired by the radiation sensor; and a second unsupervised mode during which a subsequent radiation fingerprint is acquired by the radiation sensor, wherein the subsequent radiation fingerprint is compared to the baseline radiation fingerprint and, if a predetermined difference threshold is exceeded, an alert is issued.
2015
The invention relates to a device for producing UV radiation, providing preferably UVA and UVB radiation with negligible amount of radiation in the visible or near IR range. The device comprises at least one luminous tube 1 which is closed and whose walls are transparent for UVA and UVB radiation. Said luminous tube contains stable amount of sulphur oxide (SO) molecules, and simultaneously a stable amount of free electrons. The method for producing such UV radiation using the device according to the invention lies in that the luminous tube is filled by sulphur oxide (SO) molecules with stable amount of free electrons, wherein the SO molecules are supplied and drained into and out from the luminous tube in such a way that the pressure inside the luminous tube as well as the amount of free electrons remains constant.
This invention presents a method of producing liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) based components comprises the steps of (i) providing or creating micro-sized or nano-sized LCE particles, (ii) dispersing the particles in an uncured liquid polymer, (iii) aligning the nematic directors of the particles and, (iv) shaping and curing the matrix/particles mixture. The composite material formed by this method is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal elastomer (PDLCE) with custom-tailored properties which can be shaped into arbitrary forms. Also shown is liquid crystal elastomer based component.
2014
The present invention belongs to the field of silicon photomultipliers based sensor systems, more precisely to the field of processes for extending the usability of sensor systems with silicon photomultipliers in the regime of piled-up pulses of light and devices, which are based on these processes. The extension of the silicon photomultiplier performance into the piled-up regime is made by adding an intermediate step into the measurement of the incident light intensity. This step takes into account the properties of the sensor and dynamically compensates for the gain loss due to temporary inhibition of parts of sensor. On the basis of this estimation the system reports numerically modified estimations for brightness of flashes.
A method is described whereby titanium or titanium alloys are coloured in different colours. A processing chamber, such as a quartz tube 1, may be used which is sealed with two gate valves 2,3. The work pieces are arranged in the processing chamber on a sample holder 4. A vacuum is then applied to the chamber 1. Oxygen is then passed into the processing chamber and a magnetic field applied. The method utilises an oscillating magnetic field in a low pressure oxygen-containing atmosphere to initiate titanium oxidation. The oxide layer so produced is thick enough to obtain chosen colour through interferometric effects. Colours range from yellow with the thinnest oxide layer, through to purple, blue, gold, violet, green to grey. No deposition of coatings or anodic oxidation occurs. This can be used for various applications, including: decorative purposes, labelling, protecting the surfaces made of titanium or titanium alloys, and increasing the biocompatibility.
The present invention provides an angle-sensitive camera for detecting radiation, including a stationary detector (1) and a set of simultaneously rotating gamma-ray absorbent obstructions or windows in a cylindrical obstruction element (3), rotating about an axis passing through the detector. Detection of the radiation incident from a given direction is hindered twice per device revolution. There are at least two obstructions in fixed positions at angles between 40 and 50 degrees sweeping through a spherical or cylindrical surface surrounding the detector. The azimuthal and elevation angle of the radiation direction translate uniquely into the exact times of detection hindrance during each revolution.
The present invention increases comparative tracking index (CTI) of electrical devices comprising of at least two electrodes electrically insulated with composite material containing glass particles, preferably glass fibres and metallic fillers embedded in polymer matrix, comprises e.g. (a) inserting the electrical devices into a processing chamber, (b) evacuating the processing chamber down to the pressure of 100, preferably 1 Pa, and (c) exposing the electrical devices in the processing chamber to oxygen ions of kinetic energy of 5-80 eV, preferably 10-30 eV. Use: The method is useful for: increasing CTI of electrical devices; modifying an electronic device, where the electronic device comprises a product that comprises insulators, rotors or commutators (all claimed); and improving the CTI performances of the polymer matrix composites by surface modification by means of oxygen plasma treatment. Advantage: The method: provides the CTI without requiring the need of ad- ditional polymer (halogenated polymers, phosphorus or nitrogen containing polymers), hence eco-friendly; utilizes the glass fibers embedded in polymer matrix without significant distortion of the bulk properties of insulating material; and utilizes the oxygen ions that do not only cause preferential heating of the surface of composite material containing glass particles, preferably glass fibres, embedded in polymer matrix, but interacts chemically with hydrogenated carbon material from which the polymer is obtained.
The electrical switching between macroscopic quantum states in 1T-TaS2 is presented according to the principle observed at fast laser switches in the same material. It is based on the findings that switching between macroscopic quantum states with sufficient differences in electrical resistance is surprisingly possible with the introduction of electric current. Switching devices based on macroscopic quantum states have a first and a second electrode and an active material, the active material has an optional and stable first and second macroscopic quantum state with a first and a second value of electrical resistance at the same temperature. Below a temperature of 180 K, the active material is in a commensurable (C) insulator state, from which it passes into a hidden quantum state (H – hidden) with the supplied electric current (writing W – write), which leads to a change of states and electrical resistance. The conditional reading step (R – read) can determine the resistance of the active material, and the erasing step (E – erase) returns the active material back to the first or second quantum state with a higher resistance with a longer current shock.
This invention presents a method for detecting neutral hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms in an unbalanced gas state, as well as for determining the densities of said neutral atoms in said gas state. The method takes advantage of measuring the power of a remote heating source, often an infrared laser, which is needed to maintain a constant temperature of the catalyst, which is placed in an unbalanced state of the gas. Non-equilibrium gas states include non-equilibrium gas plasma and early and late electrification.
A Method and a Device for Indirect Characterization of the Damage to the Pool for Spent Nuclear Fuel
This invention relates to a method and device for indirect characterization of damage to the spent nuclear fuel pool envelope enables, on the basis of monitoring measurements of coolant leakage from the system, the performance of indirect characterization of damage to the envelope and prediction of the development of an emergency event; thus, a forecast of the development of the coolant level in the spent fuel pool and a forecast of the development of the dose rate in the vicinity of said pool. Additional parameters such as inflow and temperature of fresh coolant, coolant temperature in the pool, dose rate near said pool and some others are also taken into account in the calculation of damage characterization and emergency development forecast including evacuation extreme weather forecast.
This disclosure provides a system for assessing a state of a pool 12 for storing spent nuclear fuel rods or assemblies 14. The system allows a forecast to be made regarding the future development of the coolant (water) level elevation h(t) within the pond based on a measured leakage 22 of coolant 16 therefrom. A flow meter 26 measures the outflow of coolant from a dyke 24 arranged to collect coolant leaking from a rupture 22 in the spent-fuel facility 10. Additional parameters such as the coolant inflow rate, the temperature of the coolant inflow, the temperature of the bulk coolant, a radiation dose rate in the vicinity of the spent-fuel facility etc, may also be taken into account for assessing the location and size of the rupture, as well as for course prediction of the event.
2013
The present invention relates to a device for determining the depth of the penetration of the photon into the scintillation material, comprising a beam (1) of mutually parallel and optically isolated scintillation rods (2), wherein said receiving device (3) is provided with an optoelectric converter (4) with a plurality of surface oriented and light sensitive fields (5), and a signal processing system (6). According to the invention, it is proposed that a receiving device (3) is attached to the end of said beam (1) of the scintillation rods (2) which is away from the source of the photons, and with the end of said beam (1) scintillation rods (2) it faces the source of photons, an optically coupled surface-oriented light-emitting diode (7).
2012
The invention refers to an ultrafast quench based non-volatile bi-stable device which consists of an active material on a passive or active substrate which changes its physical properties, after exposure to a sufficiently temporally short external perturbation causing an ultrafast quench. The perturbation can be from an external ultrashort laser pulse or ultrafast electrical pulse from an electro-optic device or any other generator of ultrashort pulses. This change of the materials properties can be detected as a change of optical properties or electrical resistance. The dielectric properties can be reverted back to their original state by the application of a heat pulse applied by an electrical heater within the device or an external laser.
2011
The subject of the invention is a method for a synthesis of one-dimensional structures, such as nanowires, microwires and nanobelts of 4d and 5d transition metals (Nb, Mo Ta, W). The invention belongs to the field of inorganic chemistry and chemistry of transition metals. The invention refers to a synthesis of quasi one-dimensional structures of transition metals by using a method of conversion of quasi one-dimensional compounds with a submicron cross-section of nanowires.
The subject invention is a device for high-frequency excitation of gas plasma, which is to optimize the transmission of electromagnetic power radiofrequency generator (8) in a gas plasma. Power transmission is optimized by using two or more parallel overlapping excitation and indented coils (11, 12), which are connected in series within the generator (8), high cable (9), the conciliation Art (10), the excitation coil (11, 12). Measurement of voltage at the terminal of the excitation coil (11, 12) prove that the same power transfer to a lower voltage dual exciter coil (11, 12), which is composed of parallel overlapping excitation coils (11, 12) as normal exciter coil (11). At the same voltage coil terminals (11, 12), the plasma also much more intense, if it is generated in two parallel overlapping excitation coil (11, 12).
The subject invention is a method for dynamically controlling the density neutral atoms with an active element in a plasma vacuum chamber (4) and a device for treatment of solid materials by using the present method. Control system through measurement and record ingdensity of neutral atoms of oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen admission input data (17 and 18), under which generates control signals for adjusting and controlling the position of the active element (20), with a high coefficient of a heterogeneous surface recombination of oxygen atoms, nitrogen or hydrogen, with the corresponding engine (21). The system includes the density of neutral oxygen atoms, nitrogen or hydrogen through various methods such as catalytic probe (22), optical emission spectroscopy (23 and 24), optical absorption spectroscopy and titration. This kind of control enables dynamic control of the density of neutral atoms in around the treated sample, which is independent of the workpiece other discharge parameters, and are actively changing the density neutral atoms in the presence or absence of a workpiece independently of the other discharge parameters.
2010
The present invention relates to a method for quantum distribution of the short-range key is based on entangled quantum states of photons gamma. Exploiting Compton interaction of photons with matter to establish a quantum channel between legitimate entities. Correlation of the detected azimuthal angles after the scattered entangled photons forms a conceptual noise channel with known border noise. Key distribution protocol for the exchange messages over a public communication channel to reconcile key bits in high noise environment using the selected scheme correction of errors. The invention also includes two design solutions of device for the realization of the method, including parameters to maximize the bit rate at a constant harmonious key sources for activities such as binary encoder.
The subject of the invention is hard protective coatings with the possibility to change their color. A hard coating with a thickness of a few micrometers is deposited on the working surface of the base material which is usually tool steel or cemented carbide. The coatings based on this invention are composed of the following layers: the bottom protective layer of a hard coating which protects the substrate against wear and corrosion; the intermediate reflective layer which reflects light in the visible part of the spectrum and protects the substrate against wear and corrosion; and the semitransparent top layer which protects the substrate against wear and corrosion and in combination with the reflection layer determines the coating color. The top layer is made of a material which partially transmits visible light and is composed of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides or borides.
The invention relates to one or more drops of chiral liquid crystal, which serve as a point source of laser light sources. Origin is in the shape of the teardrop-shaped chiral liquid crystal, and active medium, which is dispersible in liquid crystals. The source is in the spherical shape and size of a few nanometers and 100 micrometers. Drop consists of a chiral liquid crystal, which has selective reflection of light emission in the range of the active medium and can be cholesteric liquid crystal, mixture of nematic liquid crystal and chiral dopant or as other chiral liquid phase, priority blue phase, ferroelectric phase or other chiral phases of soft matter.
The object of this invention is an array smell sensor based on the measurement of the junction resistance of nanowires (6) with different metals. The invention describes a multi-element array recognitive sensor, i.e. e-nose, based on the detection of analytes (1) within nanowire/metal junctions. The contact impedance between a nanowire (6) and a metal electrode (4) changes when different molecules are adsorbed in the region of contact between the metal electrodes (4) and the nanowire (6). The impedance change of each element is different when different metal electrodes (9-12) are used, which forms the basis for a multi-element sensor made with different materials, each of which giving a different response. The recognitive sensing properties are obtained by analyzing using appropriate software the response of the entire array and comparing it with the reference response for different analytes (1).
2009
The subject of the invention is a method for synthesis of magnetic liposomes consisting of a phospholipid bubble, i.e. a vesicle, and of magnetic nanoparticles trapped into the phospholipid layer. The procedure according to the invention comprises the procedure of electroformation of phospholipid vesicles, i.e. liposomes, in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles. The electric field enhances the formation of magnetic liposomes from the mixture of a nonpolar solvent, lipids, cholesterol, saccharose and magnetic nanoparticles. Because this kind of magnetic liposomes can be guided by means of a suitable exterior magnetic field, they are of interest for applications in medicine for therapeutic purposes, e.g. as drug carriers to specific locations of disease or for the use in immune tests for isolation and detection of specific molecules from solutions.
The subject of the invention is a method of treatment of biomedical prostheses for improvement of their antithrombogenous properties. The mentioned biomedical prostheses are the cardiovascular ones, particularly artificial veins and stents made of polyethyleneterephtalate (PET) polymer. The method is based on treatment of cardiovascular prosthesis surface with a suitable combination of dose of neutral oxygen atoms and positively charged molecular and atomic oxygen ions. After the dose of said atoms and ions has been received, the surface of cardiovascular prostheses becomes less susceptible to bonding of thrombocytes. The method is characterised in that the exposedness to the mixture of neutral oxygen atoms and positively charged molecular and atomic oxygen ions in pulses is such that in an individual pulse, the achieved dose of neutral oxygen atoms amounts to between 10exp20/ m2 and 10exp26/m2 and the dose of charged molecular and atomic oxygen ions to between 10exp16/m2 and 10exp23/m2 with time intervals between individual pulses lasting between 10 s and 300 s, and that the stream of neutral oxygen atoms and positively charged molecular and atomic oxygen ions onto the surface of the prosthesis is approximately uniform.
The subject of the invention is a method and a device for instantaneous determination of moisture content in wood by means of nuclear magnetic resonance and weighing. The invention is a method and device based on the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for the determination of relative moisture content of wood from the ratio between the mass of water in wood as determined from the free-precession signal (FID) within 25 to 35 us after the excitation and the mass of moist wood as determined by weighing, from which the previously calculated mass of water contained in wood has been subtracted. The device for instantaneous determination of moisture in wood comprises a permanent magnet with an RF coil into which a specimen is inserted, a spectrometer (1), an RF transmitter (3) for carrying out NMR measurements and a scales (4), where all are controlled by a computer which automatically determines the moisture content of wood from the measured out mass of the speci- men and the intensity of the FID signal.
The subject of the invention is a method involving cooling of a storage medium in a monotonic manner in the non-ergodic phase. The cooling rate is modulated for storing a logic 1. The cooling is interrupted for one second for storing the logic 1. A magnetically dissatisfied system or an electrically dissatisfied dielectric is selected as the storage medium. An independent claim is also included for a device with a storage medium for storing digital information in the storage medium.
2008
The invention refers to a method and capacitance sensor for counting aerosol nanoparticles in the electrical manner. Aerosol nanoparticles on which some liquid is applied during a preliminary process according to known procedures, change the capacitance of the capacitor‘s dielectric after entering its area, which activates an electric signal. The method enables detection of aerosol nanoparticles in a wide range of their frequency of occurrence in the air and is not specific for a certain shape or chemical composition of nanoparticles.
2007
Subject of the invention is a polarisation amplified two-channel NQR/NMR (PA NQR/NMR) detection of solid and liquid explosives by using multi-pulse series, this means a two-channel detection of solid and liquid explosives based on the polarisation amplified nuclear quadruple resonance (NQR) and proton nuclear quadruple resonance (NMR). According to the invention it is possible to detect solid and liquid explosives in dug (land) mines with small metal content, in the magnitude of 0.5 g per igniter and with only 50 – 100 g of explosive. Typical of the detection of solid and liquid explosives according to the invention is that by using a magnet for previous magnetic polarization of hydrogen nuclei in the explosive in a high magnetic field B0 is not equal to zero by using fast NMR radio-frequency (RF) Carr-Purcell pulse series of the NMR channel I or can be verified whether the NMR spin-spin relaxation time T2 of the nuclei 1H is short (us) or long (ms) which is typical for liquid explosives, while in the first case for solid explosive, and in this case by using the NQR channel II by previous polarization of hydrogen nuclei at B0 does not equal zero by using a multi-pulse „spin-locking“ radio-frequency series alpha 0 (tau – alpha 90 degrees – tau)n, where alpha 90 degrees means, that this pulse is phase-staggered by 90 degrees regarding the previous pulse alpha 0 and n is the number of repetitions of the basic series of the RF pulses and alpha the width of the RF pulse which optimizes the detected NQR signal in the field B0 = 0, a series of spin echoes by a single composite pulse series is obtained, and by averaging the spin echoes within one series the detection and specification time is shortened even for solid explosives through low NQR resonance frequencies by a factor of 100 and more.
Subject of the invention are metamaterials and/or resonance materials based on composites of liquid crystal colloids and nano particles as well as the procedure of their manufacture. According to the invention the nano particles (11) are segregated in the area of topological defects (13) created by colloid parts (12) integrated in the liquid crystal layer (14). The nano particles (11) are localised in the vicinity of topological defects (13) which are either localised or delocalised where the size of the nano particles (11) is smaller from the size of colloid particles (12) preferably in the size of the topological defect (13).
The subject of the invention is a class of metamaterials and/or resonant materials and the method of their production, whereby nanoparticles (11) are segregated in the regions of topological defects (13), which are formed by inclusion of colloidal particles (12) in a layer of a nematic liquid crystal (14). The nanoparticles (11) are localized in the vicinity of topological defects (13), which can themselves be localized or delocalized, whereas the size of the nanoparticles (11) is smaller than the size of the colloidal particles (12), preferably of the size of the diameter of the defect (13).
The subject of invention is a method and device for treatment of the interior surface of a tube made of a polyethyleneterephtalate (PET) polymer which is used for implants into live organisms, e.g. artificial veins. The procedure comprises laying the polymer implant or artificial vein into a vacuum chamber, evacuation of the system and treatment with neutral oxygen atoms. A dose of atoms received by the artificial vein amounts to between 10 exp 18 m exp (-2) and 10 exp 26 m exp (-2), yet preferentially between 10 exp 20 m exp (-2) and 10 exp 22 m exp (-2). This kind of treatment enables saturation of the artificial vein with polar functional groups, which leads to the increase of the surface energy of PET material and, consequently, to the improvement of adhesion of biocompatible coatings. The subject of the invention is also a device which enables such kind of treatment.
2006
Subject of the invention is a field microscope for the examination of emission areas on the surface of cold flat cathodes. This is a new instrument which enables magnitude measurements of the emitted electric current originating from the individual emission spot on the surface of a cold cathode and at the same time its monitoring regarding emission current at the level of atomic resolution. The microscope according to the invention is characterised in that the examined flat cold cathode (6) at zero potential is located across the hand of the manipulating device (7) which enables XYZ shifting of the cathode within the container, where prior to the measurement an ultra-high vacuum has been generated, transmitting electrons from individual emitters in the direction of the hollow metal cone (8) which is terminated on top by a shutter inside a ball-shaped cap (9) on the positive potential being by an electric field focused on a flat luminescent screen (10) featuring an equal or higher positive potential where these electrons are monitored or captured by a CCD camera (11) as an emission sample. The advantage of the microscope according to the invention is that it creates a uniform electronic field only in the very proximity of the screen which is located on top of the ball-shaped cap where the electrons are directed inside a weak electric field towards the screen. The electric field with a radial distance from the screen decreases which contributes to a favourable ratio between the emitted and screen- focused current. By moving the sample on a selected distance Z, an XY display of the distribution of the emission locations across an extensive cathode can be created.
The subject of invention is a method for surface treatment of composite materials having a polymer matrix and a device with which selective etching of a composite surface is carried out. The method is based on surface treatment of a composite with a jet of energetic particles, first of all a bundle of laser rays, i.e. with laser ablation. Polymer is selectively partly or completely removed from the surface and fillers are left almost intact. Such changes of surface lead to the essential change of surface properties, first of all adhesion and porosity of various coatings on a composite.
The novelty of this invention is the installation of additional observation windows into a flow rate meter of type „Float Type Flowmeter“. The device according to the invention can be executed as a „Float Type Flowmeter“ from optional, measure and- and environment-friendly materials without contacts of control elements with the observed substance, yet contrary to other flow rate meters, also quite different flow rate ranges can be measured as well as valve tightness controlled. The submitted invention enables a long-term undisturbed direct measurement of flow rate, and indirectly, also of speed or power of quite different magnitudes. Te device according to the invention can be executed from optional, measurand- and environment-friendly materials and, if needed, without contacts of control elements with the observed substance.
Subject of the invention is a field microscope for the examination of emission areas on the surface of cold flat cathodes. This is a new instrument which enables magnitude measurements of the emitted electric current originating from the individual emission spot on the surface of a cold cathode and at the same time its monitoring regarding emission current at the level of atomic resolution. The microscope according to the invention is characterised in that the examined flat cold cathode (6) at zero potential is located across the hand of the manipulating device (7) which enables XYZ shifting of the cathode within the container, where prior to the measurement an ultra-high vacuum has been generated, transmitting electrons from individual emitters in the direction of the hollow metal cone (8) which is terminated on top by a shutter inside a ball-shaped cap (9) on the positive potential being by an electric field focused on a flat luminescent screen (10) featuring an equal or higher positive potential where these electrons are monitored or captured by a CCD camera (11) as an emission sample. The advantage of the microscope according to the invention is that it creates a uniform electronic field only in the very proximity of the screen which is located on top of the ball-shaped cap where the electrons are directed inside a weak electric field towards the screen. The electric field with a radial distance from the screen decreases which contributes to a favourable ratio between the emitted and screen- focused current. By moving the sample on a selected distance Z, an XY display of the distribution of the emission locations across an extensive cathode can be created.
2005
Subject of the invention are a device and procedure of flow detection of preferably cooling liquid in metal capillary tubes of a refrigerator. The device according to the invention consists of measurement pliers (10) with an upper jaw (11) and a lower jaw (12). The upper jaw (11) carries sensors (4, 5) and the first electrode (18) of the heat supply element (3), while the lower jaw (12) supports the other electrode (19) of the heat supply element (3). The enclosures (22) and (23) feature on its lower side a longitudinal groove so that a capillary tube (1) fits into it, and so that the sensors (4, 5) are fitted on top of it along with the electrode (18). The electrode (19) is made from the kanthal AF resistive alloy and has a pointed shape. The surface by which the electrode (19) fits the capillary tube (1) is smaller from the surface of the fit of the copper electrode (18). When through the closed circuit consisting of the electrode (18) – metal capillary tube (1) – electrode (19) from the transformer, controlled by unit (9) an alternating current of 20 to 50 A is sent, this mainly heats the electrode (19) with a higher resistivity and thus the capillary tube (1) wall. The sensors (4, 5) measure the temperature and feed the data to the control unit (9).
The invention describes a new concept of TK switchable light filters which generate high level blanking, which is continuously adjustable under the control of an electric field (up to at least 100.000), optimised/symmetrically balanced for the incidence of light along the perpendicular of the TK switcher level. The new TK switchable light filter also features little dependence from the incidence of light under angles smaller than 90 degrees within the 15 degrees cone as stipulated by the EN 379 international safety standard for personal protection equipment. According to the invention the problem is solved by a modification of the general TN principle of TK displays with a high rotation angle of the TK structure, which enables not only the adjustment of the curve featuring the dependence of light permeability from the control voltage to the specific requirements of the control electronics but also symmetrical balance of the double-refraction properties and thus a high level of angle compensation of the switchable light filter.
2004
The subject of the invention is a new triple-resonance polarization-enhanced NQR method for the detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other explosives as well as narcotics and drugs containing low-frequency NQR nuclei, such as 14N nuclei, in addition to high-frequency nuclei such as chlorine, bromine, 17 O. The invention based on the use of high-frequency nuclei, such as chlorine, bromine, or 17 O, to polarize protons through level crossing or „solid effect“ and to detect a low-frequency NQR (e.g., 14 N) signal by pulsed NQR at a distance. Compared to the previously proposed quadrupole-quadrupole polarization amplified technique, the new method avoids the problem of slow spin diffusion during polarization in a 14 N quadrupole system by replacing double resonance with a triple resonance scheme. In this way, the spin diffusion of the polarization gain takes place in the proton system and not in the 14 N system.
The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring ultrahigh vacuum and, more particularly, to a method for measuring ultrahigh vacuum with an ultrahigh vacuum cold cathode pressure gauge, and to an ultrahigh vacuum cold cathode pressure gauge. The pressure gauge according to the invention operates at a voltage that varies with pressure in such a way that the ion current is maintained at its maximum value at all times. The method for measuring ultrahigh vacuum by means of an ultrahigh vacuum cold cathode pressure gauge is characterized in that the voltage-controlled source (3) preliminarily scans the entire voltage range, preferably between 1 kV and 12 kV, in a short time, and subsequently sets the source to the voltage, at which the current was at its maximum value, or that, alternatively, the voltage-controlled source (3), based on the calibration of the gauge, sets the voltage, for a given pressure, to the value that has been previously stored as optimal. The device for measuring ultrahigh vacuum, is characterized in that the anode (1) of the pressure gauge cell is connected to a voltage-controlled source (3) providing a varying voltage.
2003
The invention suggests a new concept of an LC light switching element, which allows excellent angle compensation of dimming light by using a simple c-panel with negative double-refraction in the compensation layer. The concept is based on simultaneous application of a high angle symmetrical STN LC structure (preferably 180 degrees distortion) and maximum application of one of the two inherent ways of the passing of light (prefer- ably ordinary ray). The solution is best suited for various applications in switching light like protective welding filters, as well as multi-segment large displays, where it provides a high level of uniformity of dimming light in the closed (dark) state.
2001
The proposed invention is solving the technical problem of accurate and fast measurement of specific – active – surface of powdery substances. The procedure of determination of specific surface is based upon the controlled wetting of the investigated substance with a proper measuring liquid, i.e. a wetting agent, and upon the measurement of NMR spin-lattice relaxation (1/T1, e) of the wetting agent. The procedure assures a fast preparation of homogeneously wetted specimens having an enough small and controlled content of wetting agent to enable the measuring parameter (1/T1, e) according to the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to be linearly related to the specific surface of the substance investigated. The measuring procedure is applicable specially to monitoring, surveillance and optimization of milling parameters in the production of cement. It can be modified without difficulties to become useful for the computer-operated instantaneous control and optimization of the grinding process in the production of cement where the NMR determination of specific surface is serving as a „sensor“ in a closed control loop.
The subject of invention is a new method for detection primarily of trinitro-toluene (TNT) and other explosives which contain NO2 groups as well as narcotics and other substances. The method according to the invention is a polarization-amplified nuclear quadrupole resonance of 14N nuclei. The method according to the invention improves the signal-to-noise ratio for several times and reduces the time required for measurement by the order of magnitude. It is based upon transfer of polarization from the 17O quadrupole system of spins, which exhibits relatively high NQR resonance frequencies, to the 14N quadrupole system with low NQR resonance frequencies by using a quadrupole-quadrupole „solid“ interaction between quadrupole nuclei 17O (l=5/2) and 14 N(l=1) in the zero external field. The method can be used also for detection of explosives in luggage and mail deliveries. Widening of this method is also possible on other quadrupole nuclei – sources of amplified polarization, such as 35Cl – so that the method is not limited only to 17O containing systems.
The submitted invention represents a new considerably improved integrated position resolver for hybrid synchronous power drives, where the magnetic assembly of the electric drive represents the actual magnetic resolver. The solution is achieved by the application of an additional measurement coil (1) inside the drive and by a small modification of the control electronics. The measurement coil (1) measures the variation of the magnetic flux through the permanent magnet (4), while the control electronics also takes care for a mutual phase lagging of PWR pulses in the subsequent drive phases.
2000
The invention deals with a new polarisation type amplified 14N nuclear quadruple resonance detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other explosives in plastic landmines, improving the signal noise ratio by 30 – 50 times thus decreasing the required detection time by a thousand fold or more. The detection is characterised by the fact that the hydrogen nuclei at the location of the landmine are polarised by an adequately high magnetic field and that by crossing levels 1h-14N in the external magnetic field as well as equalising Larmor‘s hydrogen frequency niL (1H) as well a quadruple nitrogen frequencies niq (14N) accompanied by decreasing this field to 0 and increasing the polarisation of 14N nuclei by niL (1H)/ niq(14N) compared to the balanced polarisation of nitrogen out of the magnetic field thus detecting the increased polarisation of the 14N nuclei by a classic pulse 14N JKR „remote“ (remote NQR detection) technique in the zero external magnetic field or by using SQUID, and that the upper polarisation cycle of 14N nuclei as well as the detection of the 14N signal can be repeated, while the repetition time is longer than the proton spin-net relaxation time T1(1H).
The invention deals with the use of a permanent magnet with the maximum possible energy density e.g. Nd-Fe-B magnet in combination with an optimised magnetic mirror, and is attached to a preferably rotating support with counterweight. The large energy density of Nd-Fe-B of the permanent magnet (2), which spreads the lines of force of its magnetic field only to half of the space, which is achieved by using a magnetic mirror (3), provides the possibility of achieving a large density of the magnetic field at a distance of approximately 15 cm from the magnetic pole. Such a field is required for selective detection of landmines, containing TNT with the help of polarisation amplified 14N nuclear quadruple resonance detection of TNT. Because the magnetic system is attached to a rotating support (1), this allows repeating measurements and thus an additional improvement of the signal-noise ratio.
The invention includes a method and system for storing data in the form of non-overlapping volumetric holograms. The storage media is a light sensitive material in the shape of a disk with thickness D, while the individual holograms inside it are approximately cylinder-shaped with the minimum possible diameter. The signal light beam is modulated by data and focused by a lens or appropriate optical system to the storage surface, where it illuminates a minimum surface of material compared to the quantity of data. For the recording of a hologram a reference light beam can be used, which can come to the storage surface from the same side as the signal beam or the opposite one. The invention differs from the currently known applications by the fact that the reference light beam is used for recording, which in the optimum case illuminates only the smallest possible volume of storage material. The hologram is recorded only in areas where the signal and the reference light beam overlap therefore its volume is equal to the volume, illuminated by the reference beam. Any following holograms containing data are recorded to adjacent parts of the surface, so that they do not overlap. The density of the light flux inside the panel is in the reference beam usually greater than in the signal, therefore the erasing of adjacent holograms is almost negligible. Even the reading of a hologram is non-destructive and kept to a minimum. The described invention provides the maximum possible theoretical record density.
The invention refers to the process of synthesis of dichalkogenide compounds of transition metals with built-in fullerene molecules according to the method of chemical transport. This method yields compounds with fullerene molecules built-in between chalkogenide layers. The compounds are in the form of layered crystals and tubes. The process comprises the method of chemical transport where in addition to the halogens iodine and/or bromine fullerenes are used under conditions allowing them to be in the vapour phase.
1999
The proposed invention is solving a technical problem of compensation of the angular dependence of contrast for optical devices with liquid crystal displays (LC optical switches operating on the principle of electrically controlled optical birefringence) by means of a compensational layer exhibiting a negative optical birefringence which enables optical compensation of the angular dependence of birefringence of the LC layer in the state where the LC molecules are arranged homeotropically (a typically optically positive birefringence). The procedure of manufacture of the optically negative birefringence compensational layer is based on a controlled spontaneous deformation of polymeric molecules during the polymerisation process. The procedure is made possible by using known and well-controlled technological processes and enables a mass production of compensational layers to be carried out. The invention is solving both the process of manufacture of a compensational layer with the required optically negative birefringence and the construction/manufacturing procedure of the optical switch using such a compensational layer.
The invention deals with a part of an electronic circuit for controlling LCD fibre optics switching elements by way of alternating, rectangular power signals, with an amplitude changing between several power levels depending on the current status, so that an optimum dynamics of the fibre-optics response can be provided. The integration of power control signals for the LCD fibre optics switching device is made in such a way that the charge, which corresponds to the power control voltage for the LCD optic coupler is occasionally, but still often enough, transmitted to the integration condenser (110) with the help of a transmission condenser (101) and analogue switchers (102) and (103). The complete transmission of the charge from the transmission condenser (101) into to the integration condenser (110) is provided by two transistors (115, 116) of different polarity, where the emitter and both base junctions are connected together. The comparison of the electric power signal integral for LCD fibre optics switching elements with the reference value of Vc as well as the discharge of the integration condenser (110) is performed by two transistors (117, 118) of different polarity, where the base junction of one transistor is connected to the collector junction of the other one. The free emitter junctions are connected in parallel to the integration condenser (110), and the output signal is provided by an additional NPN transistor (119).
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